The journal of a voyage from Charles-town to London in the year 1778 [ca. 1800]

The journal of a voyage from Charles-town to London in the year 1778 [ca. 1800]

1779

One holograph bound volume containing Wells's recollections of a trip she made from Charleston, S.C. to London, via New York in 1778. She and her fellow passengers were largely Loyalists fleeing the colonies for England. Her ship was captured in July of 1778 by the British off the coast of North Carolina. It was taken as a prize to British-occupied New York where she and her fellow travelers spent the next three months waiting for their journey to continue. Written from memory ca. 1800, and is possibly based off of another earlier account that she wrote in 1779. She relates tales of ship life, military maneuvers, friendships she makes, scenery and social life, and details about people she meets during the journey.

2023-05-04

300 dpi, 16-bit depth, color, Canon EOS 5DS, Archival masters are RAW.

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Ms. 564, The journal of a voyage from Charles-town to London in the year 1778 [ca. 1800]

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ms564

A Voyage from Charles-Town to London.
Journal of a Voyage from Charles-Town to London in the Year 1778.
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A preparation for trials and afflictions in old age fulfilling the words of the prophet Jeremiah – "It is good to bear the yoke in Youth."
The account of the fatal premature interment of Mr George Woodrop made so deep an impression on my mind that I never forsook the apparently dying or dead until interment. When I left Jamaica in 1801, I reckoned eighteen Individuals who would have been sent to an untimely grave, but for my prompt exertions and unwearied care. One in particular James Haughton, a youth fourteen years old, in the year 1785. Animation was suspended from seven o'clock in the morning until twelve o'clock at Noon. It was occasioned by a constant bleeding at the Nose. Two medical gentlemen were in attendance, who pronounced him dead. His Mother came and looked on him, as the Priest and Levite did on the Traveller in the gospel. "I leave him in good hands." She returned in time to dress for his funeral! I persevered, with the assistance of Slaves in using the means recommended by the Humane Society, and when this unnatural Parent returned, curled and powdered, with [unreadable] and a crow-coloured Silk gown and Coat on her Son was sitting up eating Sago from my hands. The Doctors also returned, and with such a triumph as I never felt before, I said "Gentlemen, he is worth more than two dead men." In 1816, J. H. was living, had been married twice and had several children. Fifteen years he recollected that I had saved his life. The person to whom he said it observed he had taken a long time to find it out. In a fortnight after his recovery, he passed me on my own premises, without lifting his hat. Who would look for an earthly reward after the ingratitude of the nine Lepers who were cleansed by Him who went about doing good and left us an example that we might follow.
L. S. A.
2nd Sheet
Determined by my Father's Attornies that I should come to England. I had now fulfilled my promise of "abiding by his Property as long as "one stone stood upon another." All was a heap of ruins — all burnt, excepting a large House at the other end of the Town, which, with our lots and Lands is since confiscated. The wreck saved out of the Fire, was sold and with the money, twenty two Casks of Indigo were purchased, which we hoped would realize £5000, Sterling in London. I was six months in disposing of the property. Slaves &c. — when to my astonishment, confusion and dismay, I was served with a Mandate, forbidding my taking it out of the Country. It was well known that it was intended to liquidate my Father's British debts; and by a Resolution of their Assembly in 1775, none such were to be paid. Mr Lowndes was our Friend, and sent us early notice of our danger, for had it been afloat, which many in the Council thought, it had all been forfeited. The Carts had been bespoke to take it on board next morning and it was at Midnight we received our intelligence. What was I to do in this dilemma? I could not go to a foreign country without Specie, or what would procure it for me. I was permitted to take three Casks. The size was not limited, we therefore turned out the contents of five into three rumpuncheons: but what a pittance was this to bring of our once ample fortune! Alas! how poorly has our Loyalty been rewarded! A pension of Sixty pounds was offered ; but our friend James
James McPherson Esquire refused it, saying, it was not equal to what my Father used to give a Clerk in America. With difficulty we obtained a hundred and after my sister's arrival fifty more was added but nothing else of a pecuniary nature was ever bestowed on our Family. Lord North once asked my Father how his Nervous Daughter did, as all our Letters used to be opened and read at White Hall, which operated so forcibly I was often afraid to write. The Journal which accompanies this although addressed to a well-known friend of yours and mine you have my permission to read.
I now conclude this long and tedious detail with the hope of being able one day hence to talk over, not at your Fireside, but in the Torrid Zone, all these disasters, with a pleasure which none can know but those who have served their time in the School of Affliction! I now know that Adversity is the Parent of many virtues.
Farewell.
L. S. Wells.

Note. — As my Father succeeded in business as a Merchant,* the Pension was reduced to Sixty pounds per annum; thro' the Speculations of some Correspondents in Georgia and the injustice of others in the West Indies he was under the necessity of delivering up his effects to his Creditors. He gave all, and I believe the debts are now entirely liquidated ; but alas this second stroke was too much! A paralytic affection deprived him of his Mental Faculties at the age of Sixty three, and three years after he died in 1794, leaving his Widow and two daughters totally unprovided for — nor could the application of General James Grant, Sir John McPherson or James McPherson Esquire, obtain the smallest relief from Government. My father & Mother were both born in 1728–

Febry 23rd 1802.
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The foregoing statement of monies received from Government is erroneous. My Mother gave me the following particulars a few days ago, viz.
1st Year (1775) £60
2nd. " (1776) £100
3rd " (1778) £150
4th " (1779) £150
Compensation for Confiscated property received from Government. £1200
When my Father failed the Creditors allowed £170 for the support of the Family and Government added £30 per annum for two years only till the death of my Father, in Lieu of a Salary enjoyed by him, in America, as Marshall of the Vice Court of Admiralty in Charlestown.
L. S. Aikman.
Chelsea, August 13th 1802.
The note on this page is wrong — by the following Extract from Kelly's Universal Geography, it will appear my first statement was right. It ought to be so, as I received my information from my father — but when in Charlestown in 1807 my account was corrected by others.
"In 1695 a Scotch Company, having obtained from the English Government permission to trade to Africa and the East and West Indies, planted a Colony on the Isthmus of Darien, near the north west point of the Gulf. Here a fortress was erected called New Edinburgh, and the surrounding district was called Caledonia. The Indian princes were pleased at this, as they thought by the help of the Scotch, to expel the Spaniards. For some time the Colony flourished, but at last the Company was ruined by the jealousy of the East India Company and the remonstrances of the Court of Madrid."
L. S. Aikman.
West Cowes, Isle of Wight. May 23rd 1817.







The Journal of a Voyage, from Charles-Town, South Carolina, to London undertaken during the American Revolution, by a Daughter of an eminent American Loyalist in the Year 1778, and written from memory only in 1779.

London, May 3rd 1779.

On the 27th of June, my uncle Robert Rowand, his son Charles Elliot, Miss Frances Thorney, my maid Bella, and I, went on board the Ship "Providence" formerly L'Esperance, Richard Stevens, Master, a native of Triero in New England, bound to Rotterdam. The other Passengers were Mr. Manson, Owner, Mrs and Miss Manson, and three other children, the youngest not two months old. Mr and Mrs Henry, Mr and Mrs Weir and a Mr Falconer ; master of a Jamaica ship, which had been captured and brought into Charlestown; but from his great age was liberated. We soon dropped down to the Roads, where we lay wind bound for several days.

I cannot help here relating a trifling circumstance as it will show you to what necessity we were reduced for the want of British Manufactures. With much difficulty and trouble, I obtained three eighths of a yard of black serge; I purchased a pair of clumsy shoe heels of a Jew ; and in an obscure Lane, I found out a Negro Shoe Maker, who said he could make for Ladies. I deny that he could fit them. My shoes had no binding, were lined with French sail-Duck, and the heels were covered with Leather. On stepping out of the Boat, to go up the side of the ship, one of my dearbought shoes slipped off. I exclaimed, "then I must go barefooted to Europe"!
Our Captain declared he would go to the bottom of the sea first, and almost leaping over the stern, he saved my shoe. Our fears for his safety were not small. On coming on board one of the ladies lent me a Morocco Slipper, two she could not spare. I used to darn my stockings with the ravellings of another, and we flossed out our old Silk Gowns to spin together with Cotton to knit our gloves. In the Country the Ladies were forced to use the thorns of the Orange Tree instead of Pins.

On this day many boats were employed in carrying up Palmetto Trees and Boughs to celebrate, in Town, the Anniversary of the ever inglorious 28th of June 1776! We saw the ruins of the Palmetto Fort on Sullivan's Island, now. Fort Moultrie. The Cannon Balls of the Ships under Sir Peter Parker, lodged in the logs as in a sponge.

On the 1st of July, the wind proving fair, we weighed Anchor, having a Black Pilot on Board, to whom we promised a hundred dollars, Congress, if he would carry us safely over the Bar. As we passed the Point at Fort Johnston, a providential escape I had of being drowned occurred to my memory. I was but ten years old when I attended my Mother with two Infant Sisters, both ill of the HoopingCough. We had an apartment in the Governor of the Fort's house, Col. Robert Howarth. I was tired of a Sickroom, and slipped out one day after dinner to walk on the Beach, and seeing the Point uncovered, I imagined it reached to Sullivan's Island, and I thought I might go thither with ease, and be back before dark. The Governor happened luckily to be looking over the Battery, and called out as loud as possibly he could through a Speaking Trumpet, to run as fast as I could or I would be swallowed up in the Sea. He dispatched a Soldier to my assistance, and in a quarter of an hour I saw the Sand-Bank covered with surf! Before that, I had escaped drowning
in a Pond in King Street, being pushed off a narrow bridge, of two planks, by a mischievous girl, who wanted to get before me: but saved by the presence of mind of another, a girl about 12 years old, the eldest daughter of Cato Ash ; who ran home to her Mother and told her my disaster, who sent a man to take me out. My other comrades were wringing their hands lamenting my untimely fate. I fell on my side, but should soon have been suffocated as the mud had got into one Nostril. The sequel of my voyage will prove that, a watery Grave is not yet ready for me.

Perhaps you do not know what gave rise to the name the Sea-Island called Coffin Land? I will tell you. When the Hudson's Bay Company obtained so much interest with the then existing Ministry as to have the flourishing Scots Colony of Darien broke up, and its inhabitants recalled: Three large Ships were purchased and fitted up for the reception of such a cargo and sent. One of them was called the "Rising Sun." For what reason she anchored on our Coast I know not, perhaps for provisions or Water, but one of their Clergymen, the Revd. Stobo hearing there was a Scots Presbyterian Meeting House and Congregation on John's Island, came on shore with his wife, the next day, being Sunday and preached to them. A Storm arose in the night, and wrecked the ship on "Coffin Land." Between three and four hundred souls perished. Many of the dead bodies were washed on shore. Women with their infants clasped to their breasts were found cast up on this Island. Mr Stobo soon after was preacher to that Meeting, and I knew his Daughter, old Mrs. Joseph Stanyarne. His greatgrand daughter Miss E. Stobo is amongst the number of my correspondents in Carolina. Another of these ships was lost on another part of the American Coast, and only one arrived safe to Scotland to carry the melancholy news. The wreck (of the Rising Sun) was very lately seen by my Uncle and he drew from it several great Nails which are now to be seen in the Live Oak Tree near his house at Stone Landing.

Every Person on board the "Providence" were banished except Captain Stevens. Never did any of us experience joy, so truly, as when we found ourselves in the wide Ocean, out of the dominion of Congress. You know the many difficulties the poor Tories had to encounter in procuring ships, getting Men &c. The poor Pilot by whose
skill we were indebted for safety, seemed to enjoy our happiness, independent of our contribution, above his Master's fee. The Pilot boat sailed ahead and tracked our way, notwithstanding which we struck twice on this dangerous Bar. We had just reason to suspect that the Pilot of the "True Briton," Jamaica Ship (afterwards the "Prosper" Man of War, and purchased by Sir Edmund Head and Mr Kincaid, who restored her original name) had been bribed to run that unfortunate vessel on the Shoals. These Tories were obliged to return to Town, unload the Cargo, and the bottom of the ship to be repaired, which detained them many months. For this reason we chose a Negro Pilot, their's was a White man. Never shall I forget poor Bluff's (the name of the Pilot) anxiety when our Hay-Stack of a ship missed Stays on the Bar! He said he was a true friend to British Manufactures and that was as much Loyalty as he durst own, but these Revolution times was not so good as before for poor Negroes.

London, May 5th 1779.

Captain Stevens, too, had been ill used in Charlestown. We therefore turned our backs on the Land, which soon disappeared and Captain Stevens sinking a ballast stone said When that rises, I return. I really joined him from my heart.

A finer breeze, or rather gale, could not blow out of the heavens, for us. It was S. West. I have since learned that our friends in Charlestown were apprehensive for our safety, the wind being so high. In about seventy hours we had sailed near One hundred and fifty leagues N.N.E. from whence we took our departure, viz. from the Steeple of Saint Michael's Church, now rendered perfectly distinct from being painted black, as well as the Beacon, on the Coast (the Light-house was partly demolished) never being now mistaken for clouds as formerly, when white. Thus has their own caution defeated its own purpose — the Americans thought to conceal their Land-marks from British Invaders. Everything went on extremely well,
and every one seemed desirous of pleasing each other. Some of us were Sea sick to be sure, but, I escaped pretty well, till the third night, when every Man, Woman, and Child were "casting up their accounts." Poor Miss Thorney was in a sad plight, but we made shift to compose ourselves to sleep. I must here mention a trifling dispute which happened between Captain Falconer and Captain Stevens. We all concluded that we had got out of the track of His Majesty's Cruisers and had therefore settled matters accordingly. Captain Stevens said he should hoist Irish Colours, viz the Bell and Harp, as soon as we should arrive in the British Channell, and possibly might escape to Holland unnoticed, especially if the Ladies would go upon deck ; for our present simple unadorned mode of dress might make us pass for Irish Girls! It would thereby save us the trouble and vexation of an Admiralty-suit. The old Gentleman, Falconer, insisted that if any colours were shewn they should be the Thirteen Stripes, as any duplicity, if discovered, would argue against us — that it would be our interest to be taken and carried into a British Fort, as we did not know the trouble, nor, perhaps, the enormous expense we might be put to amongst the Dutch. In this opinion we all agreed, and the Bell and Harp was silenced.

The Wind still increased, and several squalls ensued; the ship too, was excessively leaky, occasioned by taking in a part of her cargo, six months before. This left two planks of her hold above Water, which when our Indigo and Tobacco were put on board, sunk them below the edge of the water at the Wharf. Guess then how much we gained in our Pumps by the straining of the Ship in the Gales? We thought it not dangerous, but excessively fatiguing to our small complement of Men, among which was not a good seaman, excepting the Master and Second Mate. Poor Stevens had just thrown himself
into his cot, with his clothes on, when the Watch cried out, "A Sail, a Sail! wear or we shall be on board of her; but, she does not see us." Guess our alarm. "All hands upon deck." We dreaded more our American Friends and our new Allies the French at that time, than a Man of War belonging to Lord Howe's Squadron, notwithstanding it would be very disagreeable to be carried into a British Port on the Western Shore of the Atlantic. In wearing the Ship, and carrying so much more sail, our little moveables in the cabin and State rooms began both to walk and talk. The first thing which awakened me was my work basket and a parcel of books tumbling off a shelf upon my head. I got up, asked for a light, but this was denied me, as we were running from an Enemy, who was then in chase of us. I slipped on a wrapping gown, groped about for some letters which had been delivered to me, by the Wives of several Loyalists, to their husbands, in England, with a charge "not to part with them while art, strength or life remained." I put them into my bed and sat down on the side of it to ruminate on our mishap in not steering a point or two to the Eastward. The gentlemen went upon deck, and we were within hail of the other ship, when a Gun was fired to bring to, it flashed, a second was fired, and the ball went through our rigging. They then hailed us "Whence from, where bound &c." to which we answered without hesitation. They then hoisted out a boat, which was well manned to take us, as a prise. The boat passed under our stern, and as I was then sitting on one of the Lockers at the Cabin window I heard a voice cry out Get ropes ready ; at this moment a Volley of Musketry was poured on the deck from the Ship. The Shot whistled over the Passengers' heads, upon which they came below, not being yet willing to leave this World. The Man at the Pump was shot through the hat, upon which every sailor quitted the Deck and went under hatches, none but poor Stevens being left
to combat a twenty gun ship, the people on board of which swearing at him for not laying to; however the Lieutenant, and his men in the boat, boarding us, soon relieved him from his solitude by taking him prisoner. After placing a proper Guard, the Officer descended but with great seeming reluctance I was told. He drew his sword, whilst Stevens searched for the Ship's papers. I was struck with the Lieutenant's height and bold appearance and, recollecting myself, was not a little disconcerted at discovering that I had no cap on, my hair hung loose and dishevelled, and neither Shoes nor Stockings on my feet. I stole unobserved to my bed, and peeped through the door curtains to see what was going forward. Mr Lock, for that was the name of the ofificer, supposed us to be French, at least our vessel had that appearance. He was not far wrong in his conjecture, for, Mr Manson had purchased her of some Frenchmen in Carolina ; and although she was British built ; she was entirely altered in her Masts and Rigging. She appeared so large and high out of the water, they took us for a ship of great force. Lieut. Lock had therefore orders to carry every Male on board of the "Rose," the name of our Captor Ship, which was commanded by James Reid Esq., Our conqueror soon sheathed his weapon, on seeing such a number of helpless Women and Children, but "owned he was uneasy at coming below amongst so many people, still thinking us French."Captain Stevens had been a great while in the Danish Service, and therefore spoke English like a Foreigner; and besides we had several French sailors on board. As soon as the Papers were got ready the Master and Owner accompanied the Lieutenant, in order to explain our situation to Captain Reid, but without success. This hungry Vulture guessed the value of
our cargo, as coming from Carolina, and would hear nothing in our defence. He desired Mr Manson to particularise the contents of the Hold. "Seven hundred Tierces of Rice, Seventy casks Indigo and seventeen Hogsheads Tobacco." "Seventy of the latter you mean." "No Sir " returned Mr Manson. "It is no matter," resumed this disgrace to the British Navy, "I shall know when the Court of Admiralty shall condemn the Providence' and Cargo as my lawful prize at New York." Upon finding this, Mr Manson left the 'Rose,' and returned to us, with his heart full of pride, indignation and resentment at being thus treated by the servants of that King for whom we all had suffered so much. It seemed necessary to treat us as Enemies until he chose to consider us as Friends!

London, May 6th 1779.

Mr. Lock also came back, and brought with him another officer, McBride I think was his name. The former comforted us as well as he was able, adding that we had not any great reason to believe our Ship should be condemned. Captain Reid had requested it as a favour of him to be Prize Master of our Ship but Mr. Lock refused, being Lieutenant of the 'Rose' he had no right to be out of her, but as the other officers seemed to decline, he had offered to come and board us, however, after spending an hour or two with us, he said he would so far oblige himself as to remain in the Providence' until we arrived in Port, were it only to be away from Captain Reid, who had the happiness of knowing that he was disliked by most of his officers. I ordered the cabin boy to set Wine on the table, for we had saved a little out of the fire in
January, for which Mr. Manson and my Uncle thanked me, as it did not occur to them. Lieut. Lock's toast was "a happy sight of New York" the other said "Well here's d — n to Charlestown." This rude deputy of Captain Reid soon quitted the cabin, to examine our Hencoops, and said he had orders to carry on board of the Rose' six Geese, six Ducks, six Turkeys and twelve Dunghill Cocks and hens! My Uncle forbade him "at his peril to touch them, as he had no right to a single article in the Vessel until condemned by the Courts." He said "the Captain wanted them, and if we gained our cause, he could afford to pay for them."Matters were not settled until eight o'clock in the morning, when old Mr Falconer recollected that the Ship had not been pumped for many hours. The whole Ship's company, with several of the Sailors belonging to the 'Rose' wrought hard, for a considerable time, before they could clear her of the water she had gained in that time. Indeed, Lieut. Lock frequently observed to us, during his stay in our ship, that ultimately we should think it providential in having fallen in with the 'Rose' as the 'Providence' would not have swam across the Atlantic. She was pumped every two hours till the men were heartily tired, in the remainder of the Voyage. Our running rigging was also very bad, and, one day, with very little stress, our main sheet gave way. Had I attempted to have written my Journal last year I should have made but a poor hand at it, as I was then altogether unacquainted with the technical terms used on board of a ship, never having been afloat but in a Canoe or spending an afternoon in the Cabin of a Packet-boat.

The day of our capture was the 4th of July, the
day the unfortunate weather-beaten Admiral Byron and his fleet met with their disaster! It was very squally, and, with all our exertions, we could not keep up with the 'Rose.' In the afternoon we all took to our beds, to try if we could rest, and get refreshed after our fatigue and fright, when lo! Tables, Chairs and every thing which was not lashed, came flying to leeward! The Gentlemen got up, but the Officer on duty had ordered them to shorten sail, as our topmasts had nearly gone by the board (or been carried away). Mr Lock made a signal to our convoy, to wait until we should come up with them, we being altogether defenceless, should we meet a Foe. The 'Rose's' people brought a few Musquets, but before we had only one pair of Pistols, and they were in my Trunk, the Tories being all disarmed before they left Charlestown.

On the 5th we began to be a little better acquainted with our new Commander, and he seemed perfectly satisfied with his new situation; he declared "he had never been so happy at sea in his life before, never, till then, had he been blessed with the company of Ladies". Captain Reid was every day sending us some uncivil message, such as, expressions of astonishment that he (Lieut. Lock) sent no letters for examination ; surely he had not searched the Ladies trunks &c., at last Lieut. Lock was provoked at such rudeness, "Tell him I have searched Trunks, but can find nothing." We opened them for him, but, the melancholy effusions of separated families were committed to my care for we had no other papers to hide.

By the first boat, Mr Lock sent to his Mess for a loaf of Sugar and some Lemons, to give us a treat, such delicacies we had not partook of for a long, long time ; also some Port Wine for one of the Men who was sick. I mention this to show Mr Lock's humanity as well as his politeness.
London, May 7th 1779, 6 O'clock a. m.

You see how punctual I am, and how resolved to go through with my task! You must own 'tis an Herculean Labour? There is not one woman, in the Parish of St. Bride above the rank of a Housemaid or Washerwoman, stirring yet, but I must not take all the credit of early rising to myself; my Father having a repairing Lease, of twenty one years, of this House, (in Salisbury Square) the Premises are full of Masons, carpenters. Bricks, Mortar and Wood, from five in the morning until seven at night. Helen and I take it alternately to superintend, or rather to watch them ; we are in London, the centre of knavery, however you may well remember my habit of early rising; and tho' this day is not mine to rise soon, I chose it, lest Indolence should conquer me. Truly, that kills more than the sword! In your climate, the only time for recovering from the relaxation which perpetual Summer must produce will be before Sunrise. I shall certainly know when I go there, in the meantime I hasten to finish my narrative of last year.

On the third night, viz: July 7th, in the second Watch, the 'Rose' made a signal of another sail, which she intended to give chace to, and, that we must bear away after her. This was not very agreeable, as it obliged us to wear and alter our course. Towards daylight we came up with the chace, which vessel proved to be the 'Active' Privateer of Liverpool, Captain Powell. This Ship had taken, the day before, a Schooner which had left Charlestown the same day on which we sailed. The Schooner's people had informed Powell of our being out, and he was then in pursuit of us ; however he would not have found us: for we should have been a good way from both that Latitude and Longitude, for as I observed before, we kept a N.N.E. course and had intended to do so for some days.

I was much amused when in the Gulph Stream with the Flying-Fish which abound there, and with the Gulph Weed floating about. Well might poor Columbus be deceived and
conjecture himself not far from Land!

When we had finished our conference with the 'Active' we again steered for the high land of Never Sink, on the Coast of New Jersey. As we drew nearer to the Coast Lieut. Lock observed we might expect to meet with several Cruisers, and from them we might learn some news. Particularly if Philadelphia was evacuated by the British Fleet and Army, as such a report had prevailed in Carolina, and had contributed not a little to the success of the Abjuration Oath. The 'Rose' had been out on a month's Cruize, and, therefore knew less than we did ; but, we were soon put out of doubt, although unwilling to believe it; the next day we spoke the 'Camilla ', 'Zebra' and 'Nautilus' Men of War. They gave their intelligence to Mr Cole, acting Lieutenant, who brought the 'Rose' alongside of us in the evening. Captain Reid being laid up with the Gout. He informed us "that Philadelphia and all Pennsylvania was left to the Rebels, and that, the King's troops were retreating through the Jersies, and also that they had a severe conflict on the 28th of June in a battle fought at Monmouth Court House ; in which the British were worsted. They had left several wounded to be taken care of! and also “that there certainly was a French Fleet of great force, mostly of the Line, in Chesapeak Bay." The latter news staggered us a good deal, but we would not suffer ourselves to believe it; however as a proof of its truth "Lord Howe had ordered all the Cruisers belonging to His Majesty, into New York harbour, whither these three were bound.”
London, May 8th 1779

After receiving this news, we soon made soundings, and in the morning of July 9th we espied Never Sink. I was not well enough to get up and see what gave every person on board so much pleasure, having caught a severe cold, by sitting upon deck, late at night. The next day however I ventured up to see, what my eyes had never before beheld, namely High Land! You cannot conceive my surprise and astonishment! I expected to have seen the Land towards the head of the Vessel, but, as I came up stairs, I chanced to turn my eyes to the left, I exclaimed, like a fool, "we shall soon have a thunderstorm for that heavy black cloud portends it." This speech decided a wager in my Uncle Rowand's favour, who betted that I would mistake the land for a Cloud.

But I have omitted to mention one material adventure which we met with before soundings were made and which made us all very serious till we were safely anchored in the midst of Lord Howe's Fleet at Sandy Hook, but this, with the remainder of the subject I must defer till a more convenient season.

London, May 12th 1779.

In the evening of the 8th day of July, 1778, our whole group being assembled on the Quarter-Deck, Lieut. Lock requested us all to be silent for he believed he heard some Guns. We were soon convinced that he was not mistaken, as we all heard them plain enough. We guessed the sounds to proceed from some engagement between a British Cruiser and an American, and, from the firing ceasing, supposed the prize to be taken. The quarter from whence the report came, the time &c., the Lieutenant noted in his pocket book, in order to have a share, should his conjecture prove true. Next morning being hazy, we saw nothing ; but about four o'clock in the afternoon, the look-out at the Main-top Mast-head cried out "a Fleet, a Fleet"! We then concluded it must be some of the Transports from Philadelphia or at any
rate the appearance of these Vessels accounted for the Guns which we heard the day before. The guns must have been fired as signals for carrying proper sail during the night, &c. About sunset some of the ships were pretty near us, so that I, short-sighted as I am, could see them plainly with my naked eye!

We had the precaution to nail a sail-cloth before the Cabin Windows and to be careful of shewing lights, lest they might be Enemies; various were our conjectures. Some of us dreamt and others believed them to be the French Fleet of the Line which we had heard of, but Lieutenant Lock would not hear of such a thing. He said the French Ministry knew better what to do with their ships than to send them to the Americans ; but, if they were, he was sure there was a superior force just at their heels. We might, possibly see some of them before we got into port, and, perhaps have a share in the booty! Thus did he endeavour to quiet his own and our fears. He said it would be a dreadful thing to be taken prisoner just at the beginning of a French War, merely from being out of his own ship ; for the 'Rose' although a dull sailor, could easily have left us and made the best of her way, however, we went to bed tolerably composed and slept pretty soundly till four o'clock, the first Watch being kept by the younger part of our Company, and it was by those imprudencies I took my sickness. Mr Allan, one of the Master's Mates who had been sent on board to assist our Commander in navigating the Prize, called up

Lieut. Lock and told him the Fleet astern must be French, as we were so near that he could discern the difference in their rigging from that of the English ships, and that unless more sail was made in an hour's time we should be in the midst of them. Mr Allan and Mr Lock both went ahead to hail our Convoy, and to tell the danger we were in. There seemed to be no Watch kept there at least no lookout. We accordingly crowded sail, and, by ten o'clock,
left the Fleet greatly astern. In this distant manner did they keep during the rest of the voyage. On the 11th of July, in the morning of which day, we got a Pilot on board, every Boat we met hailed and asked us if the Fleet was Admiral Byron's or L'Comte D'Estaing's? We told them they were wiser than ourselves in that respect, for that we had had no conversation with these great folks, as we made them keep their distance, or, rather, had kept ours. By this time we got up to the Light-House it was Tide of Ebb and no wind, from which circumstances and the very bad condition of our sails and running rigging we were under the necessity of lying to ; but our "trusty and well beloved Cousin" James Reid Esq., made off as fast as he could crowd, nor did he stop until he found himself surrounded by half a dozen double Deckers at Sandy Hook. You will observe that, by water, a gouty old Fellow could run faster than an active young Officer.

Lieut. Lock went down to the Cabin, in order to dress, as he expected to be ordered on board of the Admiral's Ship as soon as we should anchor ; but, being very uneasy, he came up on deck, before he had half finished this, to some young Gentlemen very important business, to see if everything was going on right above. What was his astonishment when he found we had drifted with the tide, above a mile since he left the Watch! In a very short time we should have been with our good Friends for they had anchored only three miles below the Light-House. A gentle breeze sprang up as if to our assistance, and we hoisted sail, though not without some seamen's blessings on the Pilot, for his great care and attention.

We were soon hailed by the 'Swift' Sloop of War! who
was going down to reconnoitre. We could give her no satisfactory answers but obeyed her orders in getting out of her way as fast as we could. She at length got near enough to give the Fleet the signal of the day, which they not answering, settled the point at once; for till that moment Lieut. Lock never allowed himself to think they were any other than an English Fleet. The ‘Swift' was so apprehensive of being taken that she threw out all her boats in order to be towed in, but the wind increasing she had no occasion for them. All the comfort we had was that the 'Swift' would be taken first, for we were far from being out of danger, had the Comt D'Estaing chose to send a Frigate after us. We had the mortification to see five or six vessels taken by the enemy that day, which were bound to New York, but did not know of its Harbour being blocked up.

London, May 16th 1779.

Again I return to my favourite task. In our way up to the Hook we met with a deal of rubbish floating down with the tide, such as Hen coops, washing tubs &c., &c., which Lieut. Lock said gave him great pleasure, as the ships under Lord Howe were clearing their Decks for action, which he supposed, and hoped, would commence the next morning. Lieut. Lock seemed delighted to think that he had got in time enough to have some share in the glory, and though he were "to lose a Leg or a Wing", to use the sea phrase "yet it would be fighting against the faithless French" our long and natural
enemies.

As the day had been exceedingly hot and sultry the Elements seemed to threaten a War above, we therefore made as much haste as possible to our station. We went through the midst of the Fleet, almost every ship of which hailed us, asking "Whose Prize that was" ? "from whence" &c. To the first query our Lieutenant seldom gave any answer, being very dubious of her becoming that of the 'Rose'.

The sight of so many interesting objects did not fail to keep as many upon deck as could crawl out of their staterooms. I did my endeavour, but not without some assistance, as my curiosity was too far excited not to wish to have it gratified. I indulged it in asking the names of the different ships as we passed them, and, was particularly pleased to find the 'Experiment' there, commanded by Sir James Wallace, my Father's intimate and sincere friend ; he having been promoted to that ship for the many, and signal services which he had performed at Rhode-Island and at New York, since the American War: particularly against the Batteries in the North River, prior to the taking of the City of New York from the Rebels in 1776 in our little Rise.

We flattered ourselves that a man.of Sir James Wallace's character and reputation might have some influence with those in power, and, might possibly, prevent our vessel and cargo from being libelled in the Court of Admiralty:
We mentioned this to our commander who promised to let Mr Manson and my uncle have a boat early next morning in order to try their eloquence with Sir James, Adieu.

May 18th 1779.

Memory like many other faculties of the Mind and powers of the Body, only needs exercise to bring it to perfection! My time is not my own. I am often under the necessity of breaking ofif, perhaps at a most interesting part, however, as I hate digressions fuhy as much as you do, I will endeavour to resume the thread of my story.

The Squall which threatened us, now began to operate in a most furious manner ; the Billows tumbled, Ships rolled, and several boats were lost. The Wind was exceedingly high, and thunder, lightening, and rain accompanied it. Our Officers were all upon deck, attending the sails &c., fearing we should run foul of some of our neighbours, which we were frequently in danger of doing: but almost in the middle of this scene of confusion they espied a boat making towards our ship. With great difficulty she made the side of our vessel. Mr Lock had strongly suspected all that day that Captain Reid would send for him as soon as we anchored at the Hook; nor was he far mistaken. Mr Hargood, Purser of the 'Rose' was in the Boat, and had orders to supersede our friend, as Prize Master of the 'Providence'! Loth! very loth indeed were we all to part with this worthy man. Whilst with us he seemed to render our situation as happy and comfortable as circumstances would permit. Indeed, I am inclined to think,
and so did he, that this was the principal reason of his being sent for, however he said "As I am Lieutenant of the 'Rose,' I certainly ought to be on board" of her, as there may possibly, be some work for me to morrow amongst the French.” “Should Captain Reid loseone of his laced sleeves possibly I may get some trimming to mine". You know the uniform of the Navy too well to" be at a loss to guess what he meant. It still continued to rain excessively hard, but all our entreaties for Mr Lock to stay till it was fair were ineffectual: he ordered his Cot, Bedding and Chest to be collected as fast as possible, and set off, first recommending his Successor as a very worthy young man. We endeavoured to make ourselves as happy as we could with our new Commander, but, as the Sailors say, he did not seem to suit our trim much. He seemed to have a greater hankering after the 'Loaves and Fishes' than to administer consolation to the afflicted. Indeed there was one very capital difference, Lieut. Lock could have taken him under his arm.

Next morning the 12th of July, 1778 about five o'clock, Mr Manson and Mr Rowand rose to go on their embassy to Sir James Wallace, on board the 'Experiment', but lo! our topsails were unfurled, the anchor weighed and all things in readiness for sailing. What was our astonishment but we needed not to have been surprised as Hargood had his instructions from Reid. A boat came alongside with a letter from Mr Lock to Mr Allan containing directions for some other things to be sent which he left behind, and expressing his surprise at our Manouvres, but lamented that he could not assist us or prevent any mischief which
he feared threatened us. Great as our disappointment was in our two Advocates not getting on board the 'Experiment', it did not make us despair. We all, I say we for Miss Thorney and I were always consulted, as we had shipped Indigo to some considerable amount in our own names, and were therefore Capitally concerned; as I said before, we determined on drawing up a Memorial, to Lord Howe. Mr Lock had assured us that his Lordship was very free of access. The Memorial was to set forth our manifold sufferings and persecutions, particularly that the Gentlemen had been banished under the late Act of the Carolina Council and Assembly, for not abjuring their King and Country for ever! Mr Henry, who had often used his skill in Penmanship in Charlestown, and with some success, undertook to draw up our Petition, Memorial, or whatever else you may please to call it — but as the clock has just struck seven, I must repair to the tea-table at which I have the honour to preside. I am as ever &c., —

May 20th 1779

I believe I left our junto as busy and as eager for the event, as the Members of the late Court Martials in Portsmouth Harbour in the Cabin of the 'Sandwich' for the Trials of Admiral Keppell and Sir Hugh Palliser. Our papers, being finished in a tolerable manner, giving his Lordship all the titles which this country had so lavishly bestowed on him, it was carefully deposited in a locker, till a convenient opportunity should offer to have it presented.

On Sunday morning we made some little way up to the Capital, but the tide being spent and the wind lulled, we were obliged to let go an Anchor, just off Gravesend on Long Island, where a number of Transports were riding. I believe it was called "Gravesend Bay". Here we had time and opportunity for Contemplation, Meditation and Reflection! An English and French Fleet in full view of each other. The Jersey shore on
the Hudson River on our left, and one of the most fertile and beautiful Islands in the World on our Right. The rising grounds on the latter charmed me beyond description. It was what I had never seen before, nor could I see it for seventy miles to the Northward of Charlestown, an hundred to the West, and to the Southward, not till we reach the mountains in the West Indies: I said "Surely sickness dwells not here! Agues wan nor Pleurisy fell disease"! however in this I was mistaken as you shall see hereafter.

Great must have been the consternation at New York, for we saw above an hundred boats, I believe, coming from thence to see the White Sheet flying, and thereby be convinced whether or not these ships, were In-i-mi-cal — General Clinton, too, was apprehensive of the Rebels coming down from Elizabeth Town, in the Jersies, to attack his Lines near the Light-House, therefore he sent down a large reinforcement, which passed us in Boats. To see so many British Soldiers was really a treat to us, poor Exiles, whose only crime was their attachment to that favoured and glorious Isle!

When the Tide made we got another Pilot to carry us through the Narrows; a place which has made some figure in the annals of the present War. We did not get through till ten o'clock at night, therefore could not see the Fortifications, of which the Americans made so much boast, and of which the British were so apprehensive.

My sickness began now to be a little alarming insomuch that I could not go upon deck all Monday. Every one left me to see the Town. Even poor Bella came to my bedside intreating me to rise and see the Houses. I cared for nothing but to be out of pain, and I wished for solitude. In July 1775
you were here? We had no Doctor, nor scarcely any medicines. Old Mr Falconer prescribed in the evening. The Dose was too strong: it was an Emetic! From eleven o'clock at night till two in the morning did Miss Thomey and Mrs Henry sit by me, holding my trembling hands and applying restoratives to my nose. Surely I must not forget their kindness, particularly that of the latter, who made up her own bed for me, and when I was able to be moved, put me into it. Luckily our beds were in the same state-room. Towards morning I grew more composed, and sleep that bounteous Alleviator of human woe, gave rest and ease to my helpless, and I may truly say, shattered frame. The fatigues which I had undergone after the great fire had nearly cost me my life! Good God! Without Thy powerful aid, could I ever have been able to encounter and overcome so much trouble and distress? but that hand which lays the burthen also gives strength to support it. Great trials were and perhaps still are in store for me! You, who know what misfortunes and disappointments are, will feel for, and pity her — (No I hate to be pitied) for I still enjoy the present moment, nor think my sufferings great, till they are past. I say regard her who is and shall be yours, &c.

London, May 21st 1779

Although there are many breaks and interruptions in this history of a captive Maid' yet you must confess there are not so many hiatus's as in 'Henry & Frances' which you and I had the pleasure of reading together some three or four years ago, — but to my voyage:

On Monday the 13th of July we anchored off
Staten Island, and with the Afternoon's Tide we sailed from thence and were safely moored in the Harbour of New York, very near Red Hook.

As peace and quietness were absolutely necessary to my recovery, the prospect of getting a Physician and the hope of having those necessaries of which we stood so much in need, helped greatly to alleviate my pain and distress. About dusk of the evening Miss Thorney came down to my room and told me there was a Boat alongside enquiring for the vessel in which Miss Wells was, and that there were two gentlemen in her who seemed to be Officers in the Army. This, you may be sure raised my spirits. They soon came on board and were ushered into the Cabin. Guess how happy I was to find that one of them was Mr Robert McCulloch formerly Collector of the Customs at Charlestown ? We were all happy to see him, and really, I must say, that he shewed a particular degree of attention to me, begged leave to come into my room, and expressed great concern for my illness and promised to send me a Physician next morning — however I also administered the 'Cup of Consolation' to him. The last house I was in at Charlestown was that of George Roupell Esq., the Collector. Mr McCulloch was engaged to be married to his eldest daughter, Miss Annie Roupell. The other gentleman was a Captain Lichtenstein of Georgia. He came on board to see if Mr and Mrs Kincaid were with us. All the banished Loyalists were obliged to go into the Army, who had taken refuge in New York, in order to get a subsistence. In less than half an hour another Boatfull was at the ship's side. Alexander Irving Esq., Comptroller of the Customs at Georgetown. Captain Urquhart and Captain John Bernard both formerly in the Carolina Trade, with many others. What we wanted most they gave us first
viz: — News. That the proposals offered by Great Britain, through the Commissioners, were rejected by Congress; that by the evacuation of Philadelphia, nearly thirty thousand people were added to York and Long Islands, and, that provisions were so excessively dear we should scarcely be able to live, without assistance from Government. As to Lodgings none were to be had. These were comforts not unlike Job's but like him, we had seen too much affliction to be cast down, or to suffer our fortitude to forsake us. They also told us of a Boat having arrived about an hour before us, from Charlestown, full to the brim with Tories. We recollected to have seen a Brig sailing up to the Town just ahead of us, and some of our Passengers said they believed she was the 'Eleonora' commonly known for some time in Charlestown as the Tory Brig. The Mob had once assembled with Pitch, Tar and other Combustibles, to burn her at the Wharf, but some person, more charitable, cut her moorings and turned her adrift. I recollected immediately that my picture was in the 'Eleonora'! She left Charlestown the same day with us, steering S. W. for St. Eustatius, and from thence the Passengers were to find their way to Jamaica. This was rather ominous, but you shall have my Shadow, and with that you must be satisfied until Providence shall bestow on you the Original.

That evening Mr Allan went on shore to give an account of the Prize to Admiral Gambier, who then Commanded the Port. He begged to know if he could bring anything which would relieve or please me. As we had no Port Wine nor fine Bread, I requested him to purchase some for me, putting Two Dollars into his hand. The grateful, honest creature would by no means consent to this, saying" he would never forget the good things he had in my Father's House, when attending his Ship's Master Captain Heywood of the
'Martin', stationed some years ago on the Carolina Coast. This comfortable refreshment, which Mr Allan soon brought me, contributed greatly to my returning strength, as I had taken no nourishment for four days. The hopes of being on Terra Firma prevented us all from sleeping much. — Adieu.

London, May 27th 1779.

In my last I believe I brought my account to the 14th of July, but, you must excuse me if I am not now so particular, owing to many interruptions, one of which is a cough, which I caught in December last, and which my Friends flattered me that I should lose in the Spring.

Early next morning our visitors sent us a Boat, almost laden with Currants, Cherries, Apples, fresh butter, and Milk. To me, who had never seen any of the two first, you may be sure they were very acceptable, although obliged to restrain myself. Never, till then, did I so truly relish a little acid. The sea voyage, bilge water, crowded ship, &c., were excuses for demolishing the baskets of Fruit, however, our feasting was soon put an end to, by Hargood, who came on board, with an Order from Admiral Gambier, and a party of Men, to carry every Male on board of the Prison Ship! This was altogether unexpected and soon cast a damper on our short lived joy. My Uncle asked Hargood “What was to become of the Women and children?" "To go on shore" returned he. "Where are they to Lodge?" "Shall they carry any Baggage with them"? "Only a change of Linen, and there are plenty of Tents on Long Island". Thus did this hateful Wretch, consider us poor unfortunate Creatures! The Gentlemen, then, solemnly declared, that they would not part from their Wives, Children
and Property hut with their Lives! Never did I see Rage, with every other distorting passion so pictured as in their Countenances! The married Women too, shrieking and wringing their hands! It was too much, and a scene too melancholy to be described with my pen. Miss Thorney and I still lay in bed as silent spectators, for luckily we had neither Husband nor Child to weep over. Our distresses were not yet too great to be borne. Hargood finding his intended prisoners so obstinate, discontinued his threats, and began to treat them as children, by coaxing. "Pray go with Captain Brian (the Commander of the Prison Ship) Gentlemen, it will be for a few hours, just to comply with the Admiral's Orders". Do says Brian "Arrah! my dear Sowls and ye shall have my own Cabin if that will plase ye," and, in this I believe he was honest, for he said he thought we were ill used. Hargood left us to get an Order signed by the Admiral himself, as the other was only given by the Secretary, James Dick — an ungracious — but for many particulars of this man's character and conduct I shall refer you to our Protest, which every one of the Claimants on the 'Providence' and her cargo took before a Notary Publick at New York. In the meantime Captain Bernard came on board. Seeing our distress, he even shed tears, and turned about, ordered his Boat alongside, steering directly for Whitehall-stairs. Coloonel Innes, formerly Secretary to Lord William Campbell, when our Governor, lodged near that place. Mr McCulloch acted as Secretary to him: to the lodgings of Mr McCulloch Bernard hasted with "Friendship's speed". He had just risen. They both flew to Colonel Innes, whom they found in bed. He did not
need much time or preparation, for putting on his Dressing Gown & slippers, went directly to Hanover Square, where Admiral Gambler's Quarters were. This Gentleman was quite astonished and said he had that morning signed an Order for us to be put on board of the Prison ship, and, that his Secretary had signed two. At the Colonel's representation of our case he signed our Release, and sent off Messrs McCulloch and Bernard as light as Mercuries. As Hargood ascended one side of the ship with his Mandate, our Deliverers came with theirs on the other. Guilt and Disappointment both appeared in Hargood's face, each striving for the mastery! He went off in his Boat, and steered his course to Sandy-Hook to give his greedy Master an account of his fruitless Embassy ; but I had almost forgotten one part of this Tragi-Comedy. Upon Captain Brian's bringing the Second order from the Admiral's Secretary Mr Dick, Mrs Henry and Miss Thorney dressed themselves, and in spite or defiance of Hargood's orders to the contrary, went on shore, enquired their way to the Admiral's quarters and arrived there just a few minutes after the two Gentlemen left the place. Admiral Gambier seeing two well dressed, genteel Women in distress, and so well able to describe that of others, gave them another order for the Release of the Prisoners, fearing our other friends might not make so much haste. My Uncle gave them a letter to your old friend Mr Rivington the Printer, requesting his assistance in getting us Lodgings; but, above all, to send me a Doctor. The Ladies soon returned with joy in their countenances, nor were they sorry that they were not the first Messengers, as we were all in high spirits to receive them. — Adieu — More to-morrow. L. S. W.
London, May 28th 1779.

I am just returned from viewing the grand Exhibition at the Royal Academy in Pall Mall, consisting of Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture, but as I am so far behind in my Journal, I shall say very little at present, on these highly entertaining subjects.

The remainder of that dolorous day we passed off pretty well. Indeed the triumph we had gained oyer our Enemies was a compensation for our Morning's Sorrow. Here you may moralise, if you please, as I have no time now, but of this I had a plentiful share in my sick-room.

Next day, the 15th the Gentlemen dressed themselves in their best American Clothes, some twice seven years old, for such was my Uncle's Coat, being married in it fourteen years before. They went to the Court of Admiralty and heard the unfortunate 'Providence' and her cargo libelled. There they saw several friends and enquired for Lodgings. Rivington had written a fine flourishing letter, of which he is so capable, to my Uncle, expressing a deal of friendship, &c., but never performed the least thing, not so much as to call on me whilst I was in New York, notwithstanding the attention my Father always paid to his letters of Introduction by Gentlemen taking the Tour of America. My Uncle called at his shop and told him that I did not now need a Physician, Mr McCulloch having sent one the day before. The presence of this reverend son of jesculapius, and the release of my fellow Passengers, contributed not a little to my recovery, adding to them the wholesome diet and good medicines which the Doctor prescribed and which we were able to procure being in Port.
In the evening our Friends returned with some Company from the Town, from none of them could I learn anything of Mr William Lowther or Family, and on whose Friendship, alone, I had any dependence.

I was now able to go upon deck. Our vessel lay just off the King's Brew-House, on Long Island. We had here a fine view of Livingston's elegant House and Farm: the former converted into an Hospital for British Invalids whilst its Owner is Agent for Congress in Charlestown. Just behind the Brew-House and Hospital lies the Valley in which the famous Long Island Battle was fought of August 1776.

The East River here makes a bend and forms Curliers Hook. The Houses on each side of its banks. The Town of Brooklyn, York Island and the adjacent country forms a delightful Landscape.

New York, I must confess makes no figure from the water: nothing to equal the order and regularity of the once beautiful Bay Street of Charlestown! Every house for a mile, three stories high! You see there are few travellers who are not attached to their native place and are ever making comparisons with it.

Poor little Governors-Island is now a perfect waste and ruin. The Rebels had made it an entire Fortification, which the British have so completely demolished, as scarcely to leave "a wreck behind". You must recollect, however, that American Forts are not built of stone.

Staten-Island produces nothing now, having Encampments constantly on it; the Inhabitants have almost all deserted it. It has one Fort, from which Signals of vessels appearing, are made to the town. When you saw
these places in 1775, they wore a very different aspect; but of all the sights, to me, the most extraordinary was the great concourse of Shipping! All the British Navy to the Northward of the West Indies, were assembled in this Port. By the number of Troops in this Province you may form some idea of the number of Transports there also, in Government Service.

After waiting for three days, I heard of Mr Lowther. He had been out in the country on business, and had just heard of my arrival, and sent our Charlestown acquaintance Mr Mickie, with his Respects, requesting I would make his house my home during my stay in New York. Sorry was I to part with Miss Thorney, as we had been so closely connected for above a year ; but so crowded was Mr Lowther's house, and so large their family that I had only one fourth of an Apartment! yet this was not singular, for many houses in New York contain one hundred Inhabitants.

In the Afternoon of the 17th of July, I landed at the Fley Market Stairs, attended by Mr Allan, Mr Manson, Mr Henry and my Maid Bella. I could not help feeling myself a little awkward, as I walked through the streets, as my dress was so different from other Ladies, whom I met. The pavement hurt my feet, and the motion of the Ship was still in my head.

The first place we stopped was at the Store of our old friend William Donaldson, who sent immediately for Mr Mickie. There I met a Mr Spens who had lately seen my Father, Mother, and family. My spirits were so high, and I felt myself so happy, at being in a country, where I could hear so much about Great Britain, that I believe they thought me half-crazy. Mr Mickie soon arrived, and had ordered his

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Tobacco reek. The Germans are now become almost as famous for their attachment to Music as the Italians. We observed several of the Men, who were not upon duty, lying on the banks of the East River singing most melodiously in different parts. There were many groups and I discovered many Treble Voices exceedingly fine. Their Tenor and Bass were by no means despicable.

There are a great number of Redoubts both on the East and North Rivers: but through General Howe's kindness to the Rebels, they had sufficient time to dismantle them of their Guns.

In a Valley, a little above the Dock Yard, is a neat Brick House formerly the property of some of the Vans — but now, converted into a Hessian Hospital. Near it is their Burying Ground. We soon reckoned some thousands of Pounds out of the British Coffers, by valuing every grave at five pounds, sterling, the sum stipulated, for the loss of every Man by our Cousin German Elector.

Would you believe my Ignorance ? As I came down the Hill I struck my foot against a stone. Good patience said I to Mr Irving, who could have put all these stones here? for I then perceived a great number rearing their heads above the grass. Mr Irving never forgot this story against me: but I had my revenge; for the same evening, in coming home, he pointed to the Jew's burying Ground, and asked Miss Lowther what Fort that was.

I did not remain long without forming some agreeable acquaintance — Loyalists, from all parts of America. Male and Female, visited at Mr Lowther's. I was
introduced to a Mr Ingram of Virginia who was a School fellow of my Uncle Archibald Rowand. He was drowned on the first of January 1759 in coming over the Bar of Charlestown. He was an excellent Swimmer, but being heavy laden with cloaths he could not keep above water but half an hour. He had a bowl of punch at his head drinking a good land-full. From subsequent circumstances it was suspected the Captain of the Schooner in which he sailed pushed him off the Poop, when he was standing whitening a stick to walk the streets that night with. His errand was to purchase his Wedding cloaths in order to be married to an amiable young Lady in Wilmington, North Carolina. There being no WatchMaker in that Town my unfortunate Uncle was entrusted with many Watches to be repaired. Neither of which nor his money were found in his Chest. The Master of the Vessel said he had them all in his Pockets. He was just 22 years of age.

I had the pleasure of being intimate with a Mr and Miss Hunter who were in Bermuda when you were there. The latter said she saw you and your companions in Tribulation at the Governor's Ball. It is rather surprising that you and I should have fallen into the Jaws of the only two sharks in the Navy. Captain Fanshaw told me that there was only another besides Captain Reid who could have behaved so to Loyalists, and that was Captain Jordan of the 'Galatea' I find now that it was the latter who took you whilst cruizing off Bermuda.

In the course of a week my fellow Passengers were accommodated on Shore. I again enjoyed the Society of Miss Thorney. My Uncle and his son were very near me, but their Board and Lodging was One Guinea a day! Mine, with my servant would have been as much — think then the value of the hospitality I enjoyed. I found employment. My Uncle's old
Stockings wanted constant repairs as well as my own, and we had little money to buy more. Adding to this a large chest of valuable Music with my best Apparel, being put into the Bread-room for convenience was claimed by Captain Reid as part of the Cargo! It was in vain to urge my distress for cloaths and want of money. Lieut. Lock said Reid suspected it to contain Plate and being under Hatches would be condemned.

I was obliged to draw a Bill of Exchange on my Father for necessary equipments in this Theatre of Fashion. Altho I thought myself very moderate, Dress and my Passage home cost me One hundred Guineas.

It was now high time to lay in our claims on the 'Providence' the twenty one days allowed, being nearly expired. Accompanied by many friends of both sexes, Miss Thorney and I set out for the Court of Admiralty in order to prove our property, or rather to swear to the truth of our Manifest, Bills of Lading, &c. and to sign a paper, which I think our Attorney at Law, called a Charges. We did not feel ourselves "so very bould", as brother Jonathan says. The Judge Major Bayard, seeing our confusion gave us leave to withdraw. Mrs Lowther told me all the Gentlemen went up to the Table to look at my name. It surely was no matter of wonder to see a native of Charlestown write well, for there bad writing was seldom seen and good writing seldomer praised! Nothing has excited my wonder more since I came to England than the labour, toil, and expense which is bestowed on the plainest Education. I am thankful I was born and bred on the Western shore of the Atlantic. I should have died under the horrors of a Boarding School. The Court is held in a room
up two pairs of Stairs in the City Hall, and is the same in which General Lee was so long a Prisoner.

About ten days after I landed a dreadful fire broke out amongst the King's Stores. Some of the Shipping were burnt and not less than one hundred and twenty Houses were consumed. To paint the consternation of the people at that time is now impossible. The French Fleet seizing everything which attempted to get into Port. Lord Howe blocked up with his Fleet. Washington in the Jersies, and another General, I believe Green, threatening to attack Kingsbridge, this was enough, but to have Incendiaries within the Town was too much, they were almost frantic; which together with the unaccountable behaviour of the Soldiery at the fire for two or three days that I was bewildered — to think what it would end in. Every red coat thought he had a right to Command. Even at Mr Lowther's we were apprehensive, and I packed up my little all, fearing that at last we must follow Hargood's advice and "Dwell in Tents" One third of this populous City is now gone. The fire in 1776 consuming the best part of the Broad Way and those other fine streets at that end of the Town, with that beautiful old Church called Trinity are gone! This was the only Church in America built in the Gothic style. St. Paul's Church still remains — two reasons may be assigned for this, the first, not many houses being near it, the second, the Steeple not being yet built. This and St. George's Chapel, are the only places of Worship now open in New York, excepting a Scots Presbyterian Meeting House. You know their Loyalty all over the Continent. Our Pastor Elders and congregation were every one banished from Charlestown. It was then I attended the Church of England so closely
that I gave great offence to the family of the Attorney General and many other pious Tories, who insisted that I went thither to pray for Congress — however that might be, I gained a perfect knowledge of the Liturgy and at this present attend Dr Fordyce's Chapel on Sunday mornings and St. Bride's Church in the Afternoon. I know that I must become a Lutheran in Jamaica, or else stay at home, a habit which, however, fashionable there, I hope never to acquire. The North Meeting-House of the Independents in New York is converted into an Hospital for the Army, and another, of the same sect, serves for a Riding-School. How would Cromwell "gnash his teeth" were he to see this ? perhaps harder than he does at present. God forgive me? I have but one prejudice, and that is against those NewEngland Presbyterians. I look upon them as the cause of all our Misfortunes, and, yet, good shall come out of evil. I look upon myself as greatly benefitted by my sufferings! Tis in the school of Affliction we must learn Wisdom. Surely I have been satisfied and still can, be satisfied with hard lodging, coarse Food and wretched cloathing: 'tis the whims and caprices of others tempers which are so hard to bear; this has made me always so afraid of Matrimony.

Mr and Mrs Tutnall of Georgia, but last from New Providence, were taken by D'Estaing's Fleet, and sent into Philadelphia. They were soon exchanged and sent to New York. From them I received many acts of kindness and hospitality. We nozv discovered that had we fallen into the hands of the French it would have been a fortunate circumstance. Having a regular clearance from a Port of their Allies we should have been permitted to proceed on our Voyage.
Messrs Williams, Graham, Tunno and Tellfair arrived about this time in the Packet on their way to Charlestown and Savanna: they had letters for me from London which threw me into the horrors for a whole month.

London, June 20th 1779.

You see how determined I am to persevere. I will not let a day pass without adding something, however the task is not altogether so unpleasant as some indolent people might suppose, but to be sure it does require a little thought and some recollection. If you would (not) stigmatize me with the epithet of female Pedant, I should still write these sheets. Utili dulcet jucundum pray send me a translation. I did not travel far for the explanation of your French. Our Cook maid was educated at a Boarding School and reads that Language very well; but I suppose you 'lived in hope' before I applied to her.

The excessive high price of Chaise hire prevented me from taking many agreeable jaunts into the Country. I wanted much to see the Camp at Haerlaem and even the Lmes at Kingsbridge, but the potent reason of poverty prevented us. Yet we had learned to walk and often enjoyed ourselves in that way. A party consisting of all our Passengers, with several other Loyalists, just as idle as ourselves was one day made to go to Greenwich, but, it being too far, we stopped at a famous Tea House and Gardens, on the Banks of the North River; the finest, perhaps in all America: but why detain you with descriptions of what you have already seen? In our way we visited the great Fort on Bunker's Hill, built by the Rebels. It commands the Town. What could have tempted Washington to desert this Post? nothing but British Valour, and his well known Policy of never risking an Engagement when he
could make good his retreat. We gained admittance into the inside of this Fortification. I had no conception of such strength. The Cheveaux de Friz on the outside seem to defy assailants, however they were never put to the Trial. This Walk explained to us all the Paradox of "Labouring to enjoy rest" Our sleep was perfectly sound that night.

Another Excursion I made with Miss Lowther, Mr and Miss Hunter, was at five o'clock in the morning on the Banks of the East River. Here I saw all the flat-bottomed Boats belonging to the British for landing Troops. We breakfasted at a House of Entertainment opposite the Wullbaugh or Back, a small Harbour for shipping to ride in safety, particularly against the danger and risque of Fire, which so alarms the people of this Town. The spot on which the House stood was just at Curlier's Hook. I suppose you remember the eighteen hundred Connecticut Troops stationed there, which were sent to intimidate the Yorkers in 1775: The Encampment was pointed out to me, and with it a curious anecdote recurs to my memory. In 1776, when Lord Howe's Fleet lay off Sandy Hook there arose a dreadful storm of Thunder, Lightening and Rain, such as I have before described — insomuch that "brother Jonathan's heart did quake" but he did not fail to implore the vengeance of Heaven on his Enemies. The poor Britons struck their top masts, let go more Anchors and rode out the storm. Some ships put to sea and returned in safety! but, how dififerent was the fate of the poor unenlightened Yankies, or rather uneducated — Some glimmering of the science of Electricity having beamed on them from their great Dr Franklin, they actually stuck the swords in on the tops of some of their tents, by way of Conductors; and went to rest, thinking themselves in perfect safety; when lo! the faithless steel brought more quick down Heaven's wrath! Several officers were found dead in their beds. Nathan Childs, a native of New England, was there at the time and
attended two of the Funerals; and told this astonishing Tale to me in Charlestown after his return. He congratulated himself on coming to the Southward for his Education, and having "lived amongst people of sense" for such he certainly thought my Father and all of us.

As the year I am recording 1778 — was a marvellous one to me, I shall record another accident which happened a few days after the fire and seemed to threaten destruction to this devoted Town.

We had several violent storms of Thunder, Lightening and Rain during the Summer, not such as to the Southward, which are over in an hour or two; these sometimes lasted from ten o'clock in the forenoon until Midnight. This, Mr Lowther ascribed to the course of the Rivers round York Island. One day as we were reconciling ourselves to the bad weather, we saw one or two flashes of Lightning, and instantaneously, there was a sudden Crash as if the universe had been dissolved. Every person in the room with me was struck motionless. I was thrown from my chair to the floor, and my basket of work I had been doing, over me. I soon recovered and looked at my friends to see if any of them were killed, or rather, if any were alive to speak to me. They were employed in the same manner; but those who were strongest had immediate occasion to give their assistance. Mrs Lowther had fainted. I cast my eyes to the opposite side of the street, and saw Mrs Winslow's House, apparently struck, as all the glass windows were shattered, and many of the frames thrown in on the floor. A Negro cried out "Mrs Winslow is killed" I flew through the rain to assist poor Miss Winslow (this family were Loyalists from Boston) when, turning to my left hand, I saw a column of Smoke ascending behind Waltons large house, which reached the Clouds. I was almost suffocated and the cry of Fire from all quarters spread terror and dismay around me. I forgot Mrs Lowther, Mrs Winslow and almost everything in this World, till a Gentleman coming from a Wharf, informed us that a Vessel
called the "Morning Star" containing 200 Barrels of Gunpowder had been struck by the Lightning and had blown up. I soon found Mrs Winslow at my Elbow. She had heard we were killed. The explosion was so great as to unroof most of the houses in the Town. At least that side towards the East. You know all the roofs in York have two sides, being Dutch roof, and covered with tiles or slates. The Glass in all the East windows in our House were shattered, excepting those in the room I slept in. I had always peremptorily insisted on throwing up every sash at which the rain did not come in. I had just gone down to the Parlour to comfort this kind family. I had also put every metal article out of my pockets. They have very few Electrical Rods here in comparison to those in Charlestown. Had half the people been Masons and Glaziers they would have found employment for a month. The Bed of the River was seen and the Shipping much damaged. Happily there was but one Man on board of the vessel. The storm prevented the Master and crew from leaving the Wharf, as they were just ready to embark. Lord Carlisle was in the Ferry-boat coming from Brooklyn. He saw the Glass Cupola on his House demolished, and the windows sharing the fate of ours. He ran past me, and calling all his domesticks, he enquired if they had escaped without damage.

London, July 10th 1779.

My progress is so slow that I fear I shall never get to my journey's end.

In September 1778 I received a kind and pressing invitation from Colonel Archibald Hamilton and his Lady, to pass the remainder of the summer with them at their Farm, near Flushing on Long Island. A young Lady from Flushing, who visited Miss Lowther, and some others whom I knew were going in
the Packet boat. Little did I then know I was to pass through Hell Gates, to visit my Friends. I had some objections to that dreadful place, but as Sir James Wallace had ventured a few weeks before in the 'Experiment' of 50 Guns, I thought a small Sloop might. This certainly is equal to the "Scylla and Charybdis" of Ulysses On the right the Pot, so called, from its roaring and boiling like a Cauldron. On the left the Hogs-back, and only a narrow Channel between. The day before a Packet had been run on the latter; the Passengers got on the Rock and were soon got off by the next which passed, but the vessel was lost, I think.

In the evening we anchored in Flushing Bay as the tide did not suit for two hours later for us to get into the Creek to go on Shore. Our Passengers were fifty in number, of various degrees and denominations, but chiefly Quakers. There was one of this Class, an old facetious Man from Albany. He entertained us highly with his wit and humour, together with some Almonds and Raisins he had brought for the Ladies. In return I gave him some account of our Carolina people, their manners, customs &c. He smiled when I told him of the violent acts which had passed against the 'Non jurors'. He said "We far surpassed our Northern brethern, and so we ought, being children of the Sun". This conversation, with a few songs from the Ladies beguiled the time very pleasantly.

About 9 o'clock we landed at the great Wharf. Mr Usk and his party escorted me to the extremity of the Village, and there I insisted on their taking leave, as I could with safety place myself under the protection of Oliver Thom the Boatman.

Never was I happier to see friends than this family of Mr Hamilton's. They had been in Charlestown for a great part of the year 1771. Mr Hamilton was then a Captain in the 31st
Regiment of Foot. Every act of kindness which we could shew strangers were most liberally bestowed on them both in sickness and in health, of the former they had by far the greater portion, and I was happy to find they were not unmindful of it. Mrs Hamilton is Grand Daughter to the good old Cadwallader Colden, so long Lieutenant Governor of New York. When he persuaded the last Colonial Assembly (They were called Provincial Assemblies) to pass some Act 'favourable to the British Government, his answer, was a repetition of the Hymn Nunc dimitis, a bystander cried out "Well done old Silver Locks".

The next morning I was indulged with a Novel, though pleasing sight. The Regiments which had been on the Expedition to Martha's-vineyard &c., had landed at White Stone, which place is a few miles below Flushing, and were all marching by the Farm along the high road. The Colonel, my Host, went out to see if he could recognise any old acquaintance amongst the Officers. He soon sent in Col. Stirling of the 71st or "Old Highland Watch" I turned ray attention to the window and saw several of the Subalterns pulling the Peaches from the Hedge, and some of them had mounted the Orchard Wall. Col. Stirling immediately ordered a safe-guard for the Farm, which was not unnecessary as the Soldiers begin to be fond of what they have been so long used to, namely Plunder? Col. Hamilton seeing the Gentlemen so fond of Peaches asked them to walk into the Farm House. (It had literally been a Dutch Farmer's House, although now furnished like a Gentleman's) He ordered in abundance of Fruit of all sorts then in season. Col. Stirling started when he saw the first Officer enter, and smiling said — "Your Lordship, I assume you, was the
occasion of my ordering the Safe-Guard, for I believe it was you who first mounted the Wall". Fie introduced him to us as Marquis of Lindsey He really looked like a Nobleman more so than any I had seen in New York, excepting Lord Cornwallis. In a few months after, or days I should rather say this engaging youth succeeded to the Honours, Estates and Titles, of his late Father, the Duke of Ancaster. He, yesterday, July 9th 1779 resigned them to his Uncle, Lord Robert Bertie. The young Duke died of a Putrid Fever, occasioned by drinking Brandy and Champagne to a violent degree.

The Military Travellers soon left us, and Colonel Hamilton, his Brother-in-law Maj. Antill (John Antill, Brother-in-law to Mrs Hamilton whose sister he married) and several others, set out on a scouring party with Governor Tryon to the Last End of Long Island, but I must break off. I am going to Church, where I shall remember all who do not pray for themselves. Adieu.

London, July 11th 1779.

In my last I despatched General Tryon with his Aid du Camps and 1500 of the Queen's County Militia, of whom Hamilton was Commandant to cram down the Oath of Allegiance in the Rebellious Counties to the Eastward. I was rather surprised to see several packs of Hunting Dogs, in the Retinue, but I was informed that after the business was done of making King's Men of Rebels, they intended to have some Hunting-matches on Hampstead and Bushy-Plains.

I spent my time very agreeably at 'Innerwick "this was the name of the Farm, so called from Mr Hamilton's Father's Estate in Scotland. I visited several of the
Neighbours particularly the family of "Ustick" to whom Miss Lowther had introduced me. Their House stands on the top of a beautiful rising ground, commanding the town of Flushing, the Bay and opposite shore. My Curiosity led me to go up to the Look-out on the roof of the House; of this convenience, or place of amusement, you know how fond all the Yorkers are, as they never think a House finished without a Look-out — from hence I had a distant view of Kingsbridge, Hell gates and all the adjacent country. Flushing, for an American village is by no means despicable. It has a pretty little Episcopal Church and a Quakers' Meeting House. A few Gentlemen's Houses help to beautify it a little, particularly one of a Mr Cromlyne, built in the Carolina taste, with Piazzas and Balconies. This place is famous for having in its vicinage a Nursery of Fruit Trees, of almost every Climate ; besides a pleasant Garden and Tea House for Strangers, kept by a Mr Prince.

In my walks to Mr Dupuystens, Mr Cornell's and others whom I visited I was struck with many rural and country scenes of which a Native of the Swamps of Carolina can have no conception. I had often read of such things, but never had them realized before. The Stone Fences too — quite different from our Pitch Pine Rails! To see the Wheat springing up in September, and, that it was to be covered with snow in the Winter! This was a phenomenon to me who had known Oats, sown in April, and ripen in
June. This was at John's Island — at Busby Estate. — Dr Carson's and my Uncle Rowand has planted his Rice as late as July and turned his Cattle into the Fields to glean after Harvest in the month of October: — 'tis from this circumstance that our finest Butter is made, just before Christmas, and, from thence called 'Rice-field Butter'. I think the Poetical Epistle written by my Father, and addressed to my Mother in 1773 — gives the best Idea of the Sylvan Scenes of my country, I ever met with.

London, July 18th 1779.

I at last began to be impatient at not hearing from York since Lieut. Lock brought me a letter from Miss Lowther. I expected our Admiralty Cause was come on — in short — I was anxious to see an end of my peregrinations in America. Ruminating one Morning at a Window which afforded a view of a pleasant Meadow, a distant Hill, and the King's high road I thought I saw a Gentleman driving a Whiskey, whom I conjectured to be Mr Hunter. I was not deceived, for he soon made his appearance. I recollected that he had mentioned long before that he intended to make a visit to Innerwick. I introduced him to Mrs Hamilton as an acquaintance of the Colonel's who was then in the Fields. I asked Mr Hunter when he thought the Embargo would be taken off and when he intended to sail for Great Britain with his sister ? To the first he said, "All ships bound to Europe were at liberty to sail from that day, for which purpose Sir Henry Clinton had issued a Proclamation. Several
Ships had fallen down to the Hook, in consequence; and, that he had taken his, and his sister's Passages in a Vessel bound to Glasgow, and in three days would go on board." He then gave me a letter from my Uncle, desiring my immediate presence in Town as Judge Bayard had determined no more delays should be admitted in our suit, for, on Monday it was to be brought into Court. Guess then how happy I thought myself? Mr Hunter proposed borrowing a riding horse from Col. Hamilton and that I should take the Carriage and set out for New York in the afternoon. The urgency of the case made it necessary, and my friends consented; first making me promise if I should be detained in that Province, for the Winter, to make their house my home. My baggage was soon got ready, and my Squire and I set out after dinner, accompanied by a Surgeon in the Army who had been visiting a young Officer in his Regiment, Mrs Hamilton's brother. I here learned to Nurse. This poor young Man had a Fever twenty seven days. The family were worn out. I never watched in my life before, — but I gave great satisfaction. It was here I first saw the precautions necessary to prevent infection, by ventilating the sick-room and not swallowing the spittle whilst near the Patient.

Our Route was through Jamaica Township. You have seen it therefore will not detain you with a description, I having only an en-passant idea of it at present, but I think it makes a better appearance than most small, thorough-fare towns in England. My attention was taken up with several groups of French Naval
Officers who had been taken by Lord Howe's Cruisers. I could not help observing to my Companions that they would certainly carry home some of the Mania of Liberty to their own Country. — Jamaica has but one street in it and that exceedingly broad and tolerably well built. As it soon grew dark, I had it not in my power to make any observations on the Country, especially as I had the charge of my own Neck, being obhged to drive my Whiskey ; and, that too, over Rocky Roads which I never before had seen! Not like the road to the John's Island Meeting-House, which Dr Carson used to say John Holmes might play Marbles on. It was three Miles long. John was so proud to be made a Commissioner of the Roads that he was determined to fulfil the Office well. On the summit of a Hill, my Friends made me stop, and pointed to the Great Atlantic, on which the mild but refulgent rays of a full moon were shining. In the vale below I discovered an Encampment, near a beautiful Grove; and, on the other side of the Hill, next the sea, was one continued scene of the domains of Ceres!

To make our Journey a little more romantick, as we passed through a AVood, Mr Hunter hummed a tune, but recollecting that I sometimes sung, he insisted on my trying the new Song which I had so often attempted, but without success, owing to the lowness of the Ceilings in New York: the Echo of a Forest would certainly satisfy me, accordingly I began
"Shepherds I have lost my love" and went through it with great applause, at least of my fellow Travellers ; the Trees and Shrubs, I believe the Screech Owl too, might have added to the Audience. I have never sung it so well since.

The Doctor left us at Bedford, a small village on the road to Brooklyn. Glad was I when I entered the environs of this last place. It looks well from the opposite shore: — It is 17 miles from Flushing, and has made no inconsiderable figure in the Campaign of 1776.

The Bells of the Men of War in the River rung for eight o'clock as we entered the Ferry-Boat. I found many of my friends assembled in Mr Lowther's Parlour. My Uncle congratulated me on growing fat with the Country air and good living I had enjoyed at Flushing.

You see my Pen is almost worn out, and I assure you my Eyes are with so much scribbling ; but should these sheets afford you any amusement I shall think both my time and labour well bestowed. Adieu.

London, July 20th 1779.

I began next day to make speedy preparations for my Voyage to this Country. Lieut. Lock's friendship still followed us. We had heard that many Loyalists had applied to Government for Passages in the Transports — but he cautioned us against them as those were so leaky, and had been so long in service they could not possibly stand the bad weather we might expect to meet on the coasts of Ireland and England. We determined to embark in a Merchant Vessel — however I must be accused of Ligratitude, were I to omit
relating the very polite and generous behaviour of Major Bayard, Judge of the Court of Vice-Admiralty at New York. The Attorney General opened the suit on behalf of James Reid Esq., his Officers and Crew. The next Court day. our Counsel were to deliver our Claim and make our Defence. The Judge said he was already acquainted with every circumstance which could be urged, on our part, and was fully convinced by the Characters of the Witnesses, who had been examined, that what we at first advanced was Truth. He was also sorry to find that so many undue methods had been used to keep back Justice, and concluded with passing sentence in the following words: "It is the decree of this Court that the ship 'Providence' with her appurtenances. Cargo &c., be restored to their Original Owners: — but must order that each party do pay their own Costs". and concluded with wishing that it could be otherwise. — but that there was some pretence for the 'Rose' bringing us into New York, as we came from a Rebel Port. He also added that he was happy in having it in his power that day to restore honest Men their Property". (His Worship forgot Miss Thorney and your Humble Servant. I suppose he thought we should not be pleased at being called honest Women and therefore I forgive him, for we got our poor little Fortune, of two or three casks of Indigo, which was much lessened in value by our Law expenses &c., &c.)

At 12 o'clock this news was brought us, and before three, our Passages were taken on board the "Mary & Charlotte", Captain John Bernard of whom I have before made honourable mention. In three days I was ready to go on board, but from delays, always attending Fleets, did not leave Town until
a fortnight after: however our hurry prevented me a jaunt to Kingsbridge, planned by Mr Tutnall, though the fault was more on their side, being in still a greater hurry than we were, as they had the pleasure of tumbling about, in the 'Rum Adventure' Transport at Sandy Hook, getting sea-sick, before hand, whilst I was frolicking about in Town amongst the many cheerful young Friends and acquaintance I had made.

If you remember I once expressed a desire of living in New York? I am now totally off that Scheme, for I would rather go to — to — to the scorching Torrid Zone. I do not like the place nor its climate. What it zuas I know not, but what it is gave me a surfeit of every thing on the Continent of America to the Northward of Charlestown. Various reasons may be assigned for this opinion of mine — perhaps spleen, vapours, pride &c., &c., no matter what — to escape being satyrical I shall refer this, with many other particulars till we meet, either in these Northern Regions, or in that clime where frost, snow or Boreas' chill-blasts never enter. What a rhapsody for the 20th of July, say you ? how could I tantalize you ? I am sitting in a room where the Sun has shone the whole afternoon, and where he still sheds some feeble rays; and all the Windows are shut, whilst you are, perhaps, panting for breath.

On Saturday morning (my Birth Day) October 17th 1778 my uncle, (Robert Rowand) his son, Charles Elliot, and I took boat at the Albany Pier, to go on board our Ship, which then lay in the North River, off the Battery. At twelve o'clock we weighed anchor, and bore away for the Narrows; and under no small apprehension of not getting Down in time, as the Fleet had sailing Orders. Next
morning, by daylight, we espied the ships getting under way, to the joy of every one on board, as we had all considered New York as our Prison for the ensuing Winter. I have since heard that it was so severe that heavy Artillery and Ammunition Waggons were transported to Jersey on the Ice of the North River. The Wind changing, we had time to drop Anchor in the midst of the Fleet at the Hook, about Noon. As to myself, I kept my Birth day sorrowfully enough — viz: — "in settling my accounts at the ship's side". Sea sickness is a great drawback to travehing by water.

July 30th 1779.

You see how inconstant and fickle I am! — Ten days ago I thought I never should want inducement or leisure to write to you, at least an hour every day, — but, I have been sick, indeed very ill ; — but as I can only blame myself I had no right to complain. Duty brought me here. I always found myself worse after any sedentary employment. I therefore seriously have set a resolution to re-establish my health, without which every pleasure palls. Many pronounce me in a deep decline. You would not know me! Yet may I hope these tedious years have not been spent in vain! Surely not. I can now hear the iron hand of Poverty, the proud man's contumely, the Whips and Scourges of the times, &c., but, where was I in my Journal ?

Commodore Brown hoisted his Flag on board of the Leviathan and made the signal for all Masters to come on board for their Instructions. At five o'clock p. m. of the 19th October we weighed Anchor, and I once more bid adieu to the hostile shores of America. Our Fleet consisted of nearly an hundred sail. Admiral Byron's Squadron of Seventeen Sail of the
Line, with some Frigates, waited without the Bar to Convoy us safely off the Nantucket Shoals. Never did I see such a Grand Sight! Such a number of ships under Sail ; and, what an amazing fine Harbour, is that of the Hook ? We had not above ten Pilots in the Fleet.

In the cabin our Company consisted of several of my old fellow Passengers: — to whom were added a Mr Morley of Charlestown, who had formerly been a Coachman to John Wilks, and Mrs Morley, who held the honourable station of Cook to that great Patriot, also the Sexton of our Scots Congregation: not forgetting Bella, my faithful attendant and fellow sufferer. The sea had a worse effect on her than on me. I promised myself very little pleasure or improvement in the conversation of my fellow travellers, nor was I disappointed. I wanted Miss Thorney. She was to follow us in the 'Sally Cooper' with Mr and Mrs Henry, but were not ready, and did not overtake the Fleet for three days.

The first week of our Voyage we were becalmed, and the second, baffled by contrary Winds. The third, we were obliged, frequently, to ly to, for twelve hours on a stretch for the dull Sailers, to come up, and others, who through obstinacy, or carelessness, had ran foul of each other in the night. In the first gale of wind we met with, we lost sight of the 'Adventure', Armed Ship, our Vanguard and ten other Sails. At length we gained the Banks of Newfoundland. The Sea-gulls and Penguins were pleasing sights to US. We then reckoned between Sixty and Seventy Sail of Ships, and other Vessels. Here we waited almost two days, getting
Soundings, bringing up the Fleet, and catching Cod Fish. Having so much Company, it did not seem as if we were at Sea, where the wide expanse of Sky and Water soon tires. Every day, excepting when we had a Storm, we spoke to some of our Friends. We once came so near in calm Weather, as to hold conversations without the speaking Trumpet, and the time when the 'Echo' a ship in which were some frolicksome persons) they began pelting us with Turnips, which we returned with Apples. (Frolicking is an universal phrase throughout America, Bahamas, and Bermuda in the West Indies.)

After we left the Banks we had very Stormy Weather insomuch that, for three days together, we were obliged to keep our Dead Lights in, and burn Candles, night and day below. From this time we never had a Chair in the Cabin. They were lashed to the Stern of the Ship, by my Uncle's orders. The Deck of the Cabin was very wet from shipping very heavy seas, which made their way, down the Stairs, notwithstanding all our care. I could no longer keep above, and once, on entering the Cabin, the Vessel gave a heel to the Starboard Side, which set me running to leeward. My Uncle who was in his bed, started up, with such agony in his countenance, that I shall never forget it. The Chairs were pushed under the beds with their feet outwards. He, nor I, expected nothing less than that, one of the feet would strike against the pit of my stomach! providentially my whole body went against the bars, and there was I transfixed with Terror! All the Passengers assisted in throwing the chairs upon Deck, and we sat on Trunks during the rest of the passage.

How do you think I made shift to pass my time? I can assure you I was obliged to exert all my Philosophy ; which, together with the Guitar, made 'the heavy Hours' supportable. I have ahxady told you that we had no conversation
and I detested cards. Frequently, for two or three days together, I have been obliged to keep my Stateroom, merely for fear of having my bones broken. I was unable to sit up, without being lashed to the bed or trunk on which I sat. I kept the deck until the waves would come dashing over the Quarters.

During my solitary hours, I often indulged in the pleasing reveries of "future times": — the happiness I should enjoy the next time I went to sea. A thousand reflections would crowd into my mind. The scenes of persecution, fatigue and trouble I had left in Carolina. The various accidents, mock Sieges, Skirmishes and battles which, I had been almost a spectator of at New York. The pleasing prospect I had of being, at the end of this Voyage, in a land of peace, liberty and plenty, used frequently to make the leaden foot of Time fly with Mercury's Wings. To paint the first would take up too much of my precious time and paper, and my pen must have the veracity of that of an Evangelist before e'er I should be credited. Few people (on the Continent of America) who have cherished a spark of Loyalty in their breasts, but can bear ample testimony to these truths.

As to the political state of affairs, whilst I resided at the Head Quarters of the British Army, you must be well informed of, and I have already said enough. Only this much I will add, that, sorry was every true friend to Britain to see so valuable a Fleet and Army lie almost totally inactive.

Provisions were in great plenty in New York, although excessively dear. All kinds of Meat at 7d sterling, per pound. Fish — none — as the French kept possession of the fishing grounds. Fresh Butter 14d sterling per pound.

When Lord Howe, at last, undertook to go after Monsier D'Estaing, with the assistance of a few stragglers from Byron's Fleet, to see what was going on at Rhode Island,
our hopes were at the highest pitch, but the gale of Wind which dismasted the 'Apollo' sunk then again to the lowest ebb! Again his Lordship assayed, and three or four Frigates of the British, were burnt, and sunk, at Newport, for no purpose whatever, but hold, you will say; how dare I judge! What secret Orders might be sent out? America is decreed to have her Independency, and our Admirals and Generals are not to retard it if possible — There was a fine view of the siege of Rhode Island at the Exhibition of the Royal Academy.

I had the pleasure of seeing the 'Isis' Man of War sail up the Harbour of New York, with all her sails shot through, like a Cullendar, and her Masts all splintered, in an engagement, with a French Seventy four Gun Ship, thereby proving what British valour is, when put to the test. (The 'Isis' came through Hell Gates after the Engagement) The 'Raleigh' too, an American Frigate, I saw brought into Port in triumph by the 'Experiment,' Commander Sir Jas. Wallace. The 'Unicorn' Captain Ford had engaged her, and was almost sinking, when the gallant and brave Knight, hearing his favourite Musick, viz: — the report of Cannon, .crowded sail, hove in sight and ran in between the contending parties, gave the 'Unicorn' time to repair her damages, and made the thirteen stripes strike to the Union.

Need I tell how many great Men I saw daily in that Warlike City? Lord Carlisle, Governor Johnston, Mr Eden, Sir William Erskine, Lord Cornwallis, Sir Henry Clinton, Lord Cathcart, Lord Rawdon, Lord Balcarras, Lord Drummond and Sir James Baird. This last mentioned walked through the Streets with his Bayonet hanging at his back, stained with the blood of Lady Washington's Life Guards, whom his party beset, and killed in a house in the Jersies. Farewell.
London, August 15th 1779.

After so long a cessation from this Labour I scarcely know how to recommence it: — How I have been engaged my Letters by the Packets, and other Opportunities, will inform you ; but the sole end in view, when I set out the different excursions I have been engaged in was to reestablish my health.

When I broke off, a deep impression was on my mind of the only conversation I recollect, worth recording, during my voyage. I shall never forget it. As every one who knew me, also knew that I had a retentive memory, one day Jn. Mills, the Sexton, whom I mentioned as one of our Passengers, asked me if I recollected a young Gentleman who died some years ago in Charlestown, of the name of Woodrop ? I told him "perfectly" and also that my Father was a Mourner at his Funeral, that he died at night, and was buried at eleven o'clock the next forenoon. On my Father's taking off his hat-band, he expressed great uneasiness, and said the body did not appear like a dead Corpse, there seemed to be a bloom on the Countenance! that he had mentioned this to Mr Andrew Robertson, Woodrop's uncle ; but he declared he was actually dead. On asking him why the Funeral was so hurried, and not put off till the evening, as others in general were, he said "Mrs Robertson could not bear the Corpse in the house as she had so many young Children" Mills then asked me if I recollected nothing else. I told him I did — About two years after, a report prevailed, that Mr Woodrop was buried alive, but, on endeavouring to gratify my Curiosity I never could get any information to be
depended on, and I, as well as many others, had given up all further enquiries. Mr Mills then said in the presence of my uncle, Mr John Wyat, and others who were listening to our discourse. "I am now released from the solemn promise I made Mr and Mrs Robertson, of refusing all information on that melancholy subject, to any person who should apply to me in Carolina. The dead could not now be raised.” He continued "As my predecessor Mr Pratt as very old and infirm, I assisted him in digging graves often, but was not long enough with him to be thoroughly acquainted with the situation of the Burying Ground, and could not tell, without much probing and searching, what Graves were ripe, for other interments. The funeral of another person being ordered at an early hour, he was obliged to dig the Grave at night. He had two black boys with him. The spade, in shaping the Grave, broke a piece off the side of a coffin. Mills said he then descended into the hole, and saw the backbone of a human Skeleton. This unusual posture for a dead person, surprised him not a little; so that, with the assistance of his boys, he opened the grave, uncovered the lid of the coffin, and found the deceased lying on its side, with the cheek bone in the palm of the hand! On the breast plate was painted George Woodrop, died 1770 aged 22 or 23 years I forget which.” To this horrid tale, that seemed to harrow up our whole nervous system I added, "that my Father visited the unfortunate Youth, in his illness, at the request of Mr Robert son, to endeavour to rouse his Spirits: the fever being pronounced nervous. He said to us when he returned, that the Doctors say that little or nothing is the matter with him it is all on the mind. Every error of youth, every transgression seems to sink him down, particularly
his attachment to that infamous Woman, Sukey Richardson. This creature, lived many years, publickly, with Mr John Smyth the Merchant, and he afterwards married her. His brother Robert Smyth disowned him. Before my Father left Charlestown he obliged us to drop an acquaintance, at whose house Mrs S. visited. I again met her at Mrs Benfield's. She accosted me with great familiarity, she being the sister of the woman with whom' I had learned my Alphabet. After some conversation, she took out her Watch. "Do you know that Miss Wells?" "No Madam, I do not" returned I. "Then you perfectly knew its first owner. It was given me by George Woodrop, a few days before he fell sick, of which illness he died.” This shameless Woman never discovered any emotion, or the least change of countenance. She was still beautiful. I have been rather diffuse in this most remarkable story. Here the Proverbs of Solomon are truly verified. I need not say that I never resorted again to Mrs Benfield's house. The unceasing entreaties of Mrs S. to visit her quite shocked me.

Note 1st. In the year 1791 when my Mother was in Charlestown Mrs S. was at the top of Fashion, and vied with the British Consul's Lady in the elegance of her Equipage and expensiveness of her Rontes and Entertainments. I need not add that there were found plenty of people to admire and frequent them.

Note 2nd. Mr John Mills is now a Professor
of Musick in London, and was many years a teacher in the Town of Marlborough. He has a Wife and two Daughters.

Let my Son and Daughter read, mark and understand.-- Louisa Susannah Aikman.

Chelsea April 9th 1802.}

Note 3rd. The following poetical letter is that, which is alluded to on page.

To Mrs Robert Wells, at Dr John Wells' John's Island, South Carolina.

To Crowds, to Duns, to Business confined,
The Body healthy, but perplex'd the Mind,
A single Minute scarcely in my power
To write, how shall I find then half an hour?
To you sequestred in the Marshy Shade
Agues and Fevers lurking in each Glade;
No Hills nor Dales the view diversify.
But one dead Flat fatigues the languid Eye.
The Nightingale, or sweetly warbling Thrush
Ne'er charm the Ear nor aid the Lover's wish ;
No limpid Brook nor gently purling Streams
To lull the Nymph to rest and pleasing Dreams ;
No velvet Fog — no gay enamell'd Green —
With living Daisies, to adorn the Scene;
No gurgling Fountains laughing Naiads trim;
Here Afric's squalid Sons and Daughters grim!
Rank Vegetation there, deep Mire and Mud
While yonder creeps the torpid, dingey flood,
Here the green Lake, Parent of fell Disease,
Are these the objects then that Mary please?
Your Will is mine, the sooner here the better
To all good wishes — and so ends my Letter.

{Signed} Robert Wells.

Charlestown April 15th 1773.

+Mills put me in mind of his forbidding the lids of the Coffins to be screwed at the Funerals he had attended from our House. The Catastrophe of Mr Woodrop had made such a deep impression on him, as to make him determine never to inter a corpse till he thought the person dead. He had dispersed Company several times.

Note. My Father and Mother were both born in Scotland, in the year 1728 and married in 1750.
London, August 16th 1779.

About the 17th of November the 'Leviathan' made a signal for the Fleet to heave to. The ships bound to St. George's Channel were to separate from us. It was night before this business was completed, as many Invalids, intending to go to Chelsea Hospital were on board the Cork Transports. We also took leave of my Friends, Mr and Miss Hunter. As we approached the British Channel we began to quake, for fear of being taken by French or American Privateers: our Convoy was not able to defend us, and so badly manned, that had it not been for the Captains and Officers of the Frigates destroyed at Rhode Island, who were Passengers, they never would have got their sails reefed in a gale of wind, before the Masts had been carried away.

About the 20th we struck for soundings, and to our great joy, brought up some English sand. The weather was fine, and every thing bid fair for a good Land-Fall.

In the Chops of the Channel we espied a Vessel, like an English Frigate, with the British Flag, coining down as if just out of Port. She kept to leeward, but with great boldness, as if she knew who and what we were. Our Commodore ordered her to come under his Stern. He then sent a snow to speak her. They both lay to for a considerable time. The Commodore hoisted his topsails and bore down upon them. No sooner did our unknown friend espy him, than he crowded every inch of Canvass in his power, as fast as possible and escaped. How eager were all the Ships to crowd around the Convoy that night, and all the rest of that Voyage, 'till that dreadful Channel-storm separated us;
some, alas for ever!

On the 21st we could see only ten Ships, besides the Commodore, being enveloped in a thick fog, and driving with the Current in a smart gale of wind. No observation could be taken ; we guessed where we were. Next morning the wind was higher, and the current stronger, as we approached the shore. We could only carry our Courses, and our Captain said we went at the rate of nine knots. About lo o'clock a.m. we saw the Man of War shifting his sails, as if going to wear. Our Mate went aloft to look out for land. He soon came down, saying "We must be within a League of it" as he saw the Sea breaking over the Rocks, as high as a Steeple". We were steering directly in upon it! "About Ship ho!" was the universal cry: — but as the Bells of St. Brides' Church are just finishing their Chimes, I must defer the conclusion of this matter till a more convenient season. Adieu.

London, Sunday Evening.

I left our Fleet enveloped in a fog, and getting out to sea as fast as possible. Due West was our course all that day. Whenever we were within hail of any of our companions in distress, we asked their opinion concerning the land we had made: but how various were their conjectures. Some of them thought it Ushant, others Guernsey, the majority of the Masters in the Fleet concluded it to be one of the Islands of Scilly, which was the case as we afterwards found. Our want of Opportunities to make our Observations occasioned this uncertainty. We beat about, day and night, at
the Chops of the Channel until the 25th at noon, when wc, once more, saw the cheerful light of the sun. The quadrants were all in readiness and we blessed the memory of the Inventors of those valuable Instruments. We again saw Scilly and then bore away for the Channel.

During the tedious period of eight foggy days, what were my reflections! They almost bordered on impiety. Oftentimes did I think myself tantalized, by being permitted to accomplish that wish, which I had, for so many years indulged, namely of coming to England: but that the door was now shut against me! No wonder, said I, to the Captain one day, that I was in my despondency, "that English people begin to hang and drown themselves in the gloomy month of November" One day more and I should have been tempted to jump out of the cabin window.

A dreadful storm was brooding, and our Commodore knowing that the ‘Leviathan' could stand no more bad weather, crowded sail, and hasted for Plymouth, leaving us, with six other sail, to the care of Providence — five of these were wrecked that night and the following day!

In the afternoon we saw the lofty Coast of Cornwall, happy sight to us, poor fugitives and Exiles. We soon made the two Lights of the Lizard, and before bed time passed the Eddy Stone and other Lights. On the 26th the wind rose higher. The Iron bound Coast of England, our Lee shore; and with all our skill could not keep three miles to windward of it: but I came upon deck. My
heart leaped when I saw a little Fishing Town near Dongenness. Here were a great number of Dutch Ships riding. The Avarice of these people make them thus expose their Lives and Property, and they will not go into a safer Port, for the expense of paying the Lights, which they must necessarily pass. We saw several Dutch Wrecks lying near this place, which were as safe as their neighbours but a week before.

We drove up the Channel at an amazing rate under close reefed courses. My uncle wished to have landed at Portsmouth, but it was impossible to accomplish it. Whilst on deck I saw the Race of Portland. The prospect we had of soon being in the Downs cheering our drooping spirits, for the Dead Lights were generally in and our candles used to appear like the faint glimmering of sparks in a cavern, as I came from above.

As I had not had a sound sleep for many nights ; about 12 o'clock I resigned my wearied mind and body to calm repose. Happy me! Little did I know our danger! At one o'clock the Captain and all hands were called to turn out: None were able to steer the Ship but Bernard, and he was lashed to the Tiller, otherwise he would have been washed overboard, as the Waves were continually breaking over the Quarter. A thick fog arose to "cheer the hopes" or rather to depress the spirits of the desponding Mariners. I did not awake until nine o'clock next morning, and asked, as usual, for my breakfast, which was generally brought to my bedside. A sullen silence prevailed in the Cabin. At length Mrs Weir answered me from her State
room that "as I never had been afraid before, it was now high time" Charles awakened upon this, and asked me "why I had not called him before to get his breakfast so true is the observation that 'those who know no danger, fear none' A dreadful noise above, occasioned by the hauling of ropes with the attendant Chaunt; the whistling of the Wind, the dashing of the waves against the sides of the Ship, all convinced me that every thing was not as it should be; and the only assistance which I could give, must be negatively, viz: to ly still and say nothing! No sooner had I formed this resolution, that I heard the Captain call out, "Try the Pumps" O! thought I, 'tis all over now, as I had never heard any Pumping during the voyage before. I comforted myself with this reflection, that I could never die with more indifference to the world than at that time, or even now.

August 20th 1779.

In about two hours every thing underwent a total transformation. The Wind changed, which cleared away the fog and discovered Beachy Head, only one league to leeward! Happily for us, we did not know we were so near the shore. Had the Storm or Fog continued half an hour longer, we should have been wrecked on this dreadful Rock! We soon found the way to the Deck, and we were glad to find our Caboose was not carried away by the Seas we had shipped. Fifty-six hours had elapsed since a fire had been lighted, and a dish of Lob-scouse, made of stale meat and fowl, with some sliced potatoes, required no sauce but hunger to make it relish.

Miss Thorney recurred to my thoughts, I
expressed my happiness and satisfaction that she did not share our danger; when the Captain told me that he had seen the 'Sally Cooper' that morning under bare poles, that Vessel being too crank, to carry Sail in a gale of wind.

We soon made Dover, and, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon of the 27th of November anchored in the Downs.

We were all drest to go on shore, intending to be in London as soon as possible to save our Insurance, but the wind still continued too high for any of the Deal boats to come off to us. The next morning, by five o'clock there was one alongside. In stepping into it I had almost rested my bones on the Goodwin Sands! The sea was still high, the ship rolled, and had not Captain Bernard caught hold of me, I should have fallen into the Sea. This threw me into such a Tremor, as to make me confess I was really afraid.

Tho' we were but a League from the shore, we were obliged to make a circuit of five miles; — the last three, we sailed close-in-shore. Upon the beach stands a Castle called Sundsdown — the Country retreat of some Naval Commander.

The town of Deal looks tolerably well from the water. Some of the Houses are so near as to be washed by the surf.

It is really curious to get on shore here. Every boat has its own landing place and the Boatmen never encroach on that of their neighbours, excepting in cases of great emergency. As soon as the Partners onshore espy the little Frigate, they get the Windlass and poles ready — not less than three men go in the Boat, as they are often driven by
stress of weather on the coast of France, and go oftener, I believe to smuggle Brandy. They have with them a large rope which I mistook for a cable, this they throw upon the Beach. It is immediately caught up and put into the Windlass, and they turn it round so that we were actually wound ashore, in the same manner as an Anchor is heaved. In this business the people are obliged to be very expeditious, as the dashing of the surge is so great and the waves come so fast, that the boat is in imminent danger of being overwhelmed, but should the rope break! We got a sample. Our backs were well sprinkled with one wave breaking on the stern of the boat: but o! how shall I describe what I felt, when I first set my foot on British ground? I could have kissed the gravel on the salt Beach! It was my home: the Country which I had so long and so earnestly wished to see. The Isle of Liberty and Peace.

So great was the concourse of Passengers from our Fleet at Deal, Dover and Margate, that not a Post-Chaise and Horses were to be hired for that day, we therefore took up our abode at the 'Three Kings' a tolerably good Inn.

I soon found that I had not lost the use of my Tongue. I was tired of a six week's silence. It is too much for any Woman. A Gentleman accosted us in the street, enquiring, if Captain Ferguson of the 'Burne' were in the Fleet? As none of the Gentlemen of our Party knew Capt F. but my Uncle, and he was gone on before with the Boatmen, I had the temerity to speak. I was shocked at the incivility of my Companions. I told him Captain Ferguson
was removed to the 'Venus' and would shortly come home. He made many apologies, but added that, he had a little Son under the Captain's care, whom he anxiously expected. Indeed the pleasure I felt in giving this information was equal to his that received it. Captain Ferguson is Uncle to the brave Lieutenant Lock, and had educated him in the Sea Service.

We soon ordered breakfast, as our sail in the Downs had given us an appetite. Our Encomiums on our fare were Bless me says Mrs Weir, "How soft and white the bread is" another "Flow good the Water" "How rich the Milk" The butter was excellent and the Tea superfine! The Inn Keeper himself attended us, but, methought he looked as if he guessed we had not breakfasted for a week before.

The Gentlemen walked out to view the Fleets in the Downs of wl:ich there were many, waiting for Convoy. I was glad to rest a little in the dining room and compose myself, but I did not get the motion of the Ship out of my head for a week. I had the privilege of ordering Dinner. Mutton is the only meat which I give the preference to, nor did I know I liked that until Congress issued their Mandate to their subjects, to "kill sparingly". I had long wished to taste fresh Herrings, of which this place affords a great plenty. My catering met the approbation of the Company. We neither needed provocative or invocative, hunger was the sauce.

After dinner we walked out "to see the Place". It has three pretty good streets in it, but not calculated for Carriages, as two cannot pass. There is not a Horse
Cart in the town, nor any other Carriages but Post-Chaises, for Travellers.

The King's Store Houses, which are here called "The Buildings" make a good appearance on the Beach. Here were lying a great number of Anchors, ready for the Navy, should any ships be driven from their moorings. Do not criticise my English. I believe they can only moor in a river? Anchorage is better. This is an arm of the sea. You must confess that I am a tolerable Sailor in Petticoats.

We then went to view Deal Castle. The strength of this Fortress surprised me, it conveyed a very good idea of the times in which it was built, but, they did not know in those days the virtues of the Carolina Palmetto! The Governor of this Castle is the Marquiss of Caermarthen. There are Apartments fitted up, in a convenient and elegant manner for the reception of the Governor and his Lady. So glad was I to be removed from "Wars Alarms" that I envied them this bleak retreat: but, what is Grandeur without Honour and Virtue ? You know the fate of this unfortunate pair? He was attached to a beautiful young Lady — the Daughter, and Heiress of Lord Holderness falls in love with him. His friends persuade him; he consents and marries her! Soon tired of possession, she seeks another Lover in Mr Byron. The Marquiss having too nice a sense of honour, winks at his Wife's indiscretion, until the World calls out. He is forced to be convinced and faints upon the discovery. A suit
is commenced in Doctors' Commons. An Act of Parliament for a Divorce follows. Whilst the Bill is pending his Mistress dies. She sends him a Legacy. The ring which he gave her as a token of his fidelity! Is not this an excellent Fable for a play? But the present age can testify its truth! Alas! Alas! That the example of the Virtuous Pair on the Throne cannot influence the Nobility. Let me creep along the humble vale, so it be in innocence and peace. My eyes, my fingers, bid you Adieu. They all give out.

London, August 26th 1779.

Are you not impatient to set me down in London, after so tedious a voyage? Indeed, I was a little fatigued but, with the rest and refreshments which Deal afforded us, we got spirits enough to think of a journey. Before I take leave of this place I must observe the very great cheapness of provisions, and the moderate charges at the "Three Kings". My Uncle's share and mine of the Bill, including Charles, did not amount to five shillings. Breakfast, Luncheon of Bread Cheese and Ale, Dinner and Tea. Fees to the Waiter and Chamber Maid were also divided and included. Firing was also charged. As the Shops were filled with China, I could not resist the temptation of purchasing some, being extravagantly cheap!

About 6 o'clock in the evening we procured a Post-Chaise, and set out for Canterbury, leaving our fellow passengers to wait till fortune should favour them. There is no Turnpike on the road from Deal to Canterbury, which made our ride seem as if it were on American Ground. Notwithstanding it was the latter end of
November, and no Moon-light, my curiosity was so great, that I persuaded my Uncle to keep the Glasses of our Carriage down! but I laughed at the cold weather of this Country, at least what I have seen of it, it is not near so cold as in Carolina. I was pleased at going through a large tract of ploughed land, where the wheat had been set. You know we have not much of that kind of earth in our swampy country. I then turned my eyes to the Starry Heavens! I espied the Constellation of the Plough which you first pointed out to me at the N. W. door of my uncle Dr Well's Hermitage, at John's Island. I soon observed the difference of the elevation of the Polar Star in these high Latitudes. A train of thoughts rushed into my mind composed of hopes and fears, joy and regret! but I refer you to my letters of August 23rd by the Thynne Packet.

We passed nothing deserving notice but some neat Farm Houses, and a man, hanging in a Gibbet. Stopped at a village called Wingham, and the Passengers availed themselves of the honest civility of the Country Host by quaffing a pint of Kentish Ale out of a neat Silver Mug, whilst their horses were baiting. You see nothing escaped my observation, although I travelled in the night. What may you expect when Phoebus lends his cheering rays"? Would Apollo but lend his Lyre? — or — you your Pen, for this is worn to the stump and I have no knife to mend it. There would be no ascending the Hills in this neighbourhood if the "industrious hand of Man" as Mason says, had not "with Spade and Pick Axe" made paths through them. Chalk is easily worked. Stumpy will not write another word: put on your spectacles when you read this. Farewell!--
London, August 28th 1779.

We entered Canterbury about ten o'clock through a huge Gate which seemed to be older and stronger than Magna Charter.

The Suburbs, and most part of this eminent City seem to have a very Monastic Appearance. Time would not permit us to visit the Cathedral, nor the Shrine of that 'blessed Saint' Thomas-a-Becket.

We drove to the King's Head Inn. We were shewn into a neat parlour, and the Landlady with a couple of Waiters, attended for orders. These civilities are always shewn to Post Chaises, let the Passengers be what they may. The difference from Deal, in regard to the Bills was great. A plate of Steaks, with Pickles, Bread and Cheese &c., was 4/8. Lodging 2/7 which we afterwards found was an imposition, as we took Post Horses from that House to the next Stage. My apartment had more the appearance of one fitted up for a Lady of Quality than for a poor American Refugee, however, this is the road from London to Paris, — but all Travellers make these observations on English Inns. When compared to those of other countries, they are Palaces.

At five o'clock in the morning, Novr., 29th, we were awakened by the sound of the bugle horn, belonging to a party of the Scots-Grays, which were quartered in Canterbury. It was time to be travelling — got up and dressed. Our Chaise was ready and we rode Post. About a mile from the city was a small neat hut, with a handsome lamp at the door, and a White Gate across the King's high road. I was justgoing to desire the Postilion to dismount and
open it, when a gruff looking fellow clapt his mouth to my side of the chaise, and cried "Sixpence your Honour". This was the first Turnpike I had ever seen and is called 'Canterbury Gate'. I now began to observe the great length of the twilight in these Latitudes ; it was but six o'clock and we could clearly discern the face of the Country. It yields great plenty of Hops, if I might judge from the number of poles which were tied up in the fields. They are not unlike the tents which are in Encampments, for keeping the soldiers' arms in.

We passed through several villages, the names of which I did not know, as my Uncle forgot to take his book of the Post roads out of his Portmanteau. Now and then we lost a little of the Prospects, as we could not always keep down the Glasses, occasioned by several showers of 'English' rain, which overtook us. I was not a little surprised to see so many large plantations of Trees, of various kinds, for Timber, which abound in Kent. I thought myself in America. The chalk Hills continue many miles from the Sea, and chalk is used here for Manure.

At nine o'clock we arrived at Sittingborn, seventeen miles from Canterbury. Here we got a comfortable Breakfast. The cleanliness and neatness of these Inns always struck me, and the readiness with which the Traveller is accommodated: in half an hour we were again in our Chaise. Our new Driver seemed willing to convince us that he perfectly understood what a hurry we were in, so that he made the horses fly through the town at such a rate, that I could only observe,
as we came out, a small Gothic Church on the right hand and a one Bell Tavern on the left — very properly placed thought I — Here is both the broad and narrow, Gates! — but my Uncle and I took Solomon's advice and turned to neither, but looked straight forward to London.

Nothing remarkable happened on this Stage, excepting meeting several Country people going to Divine Service. I was glad to see it, as it gave me the satisfaction to think that I was once more in a Country where we could pray for our Sovereign without endangering our Necks.

Faversham stands on the right hand, a few miles from Rochester, on the side of a hill. At 12 o'clock we ascended the eminence which commands a view of Rochester, Chatham and Stroud, the River Medway and the most delightful Country I ever beheld!

As we wanted no refreshment at Rochester we were soon equipped with "a Chaise and Pair". These words fly from the Host to the Waiter and from the Waiter to the Ostler, and in the twinkling of an Eye, the Position is on one of the Horses. You need only be as quick in paying your shilling a mile. We did not then know that 9d was the proper charge. Lord North's late Tax of two pence has only made them charge a shilling now.

We passed along not over, a neat Stone bridge which is thrown across the muddy stream of Medway. I was surprised at the foulness of this famed River, but found that it is owing to the rich clay soil of the banks which it laves, and the rains. Chatham Dock and Barracks
are seen from hence, indeed, the three towns join; Stroud and Chatham on each side and Rochester in the middle. Some Regiments of the Militia were quartered. I saw some of the Officers walking in the Exchange, over which is the Town Hall. Our Inn was opposite. There is a great discent from this place, going down which, we commanded one of the finest prospects, acknowledged by judges in England. If the Almanack had not told me it was November, I should have declared it to be April or May: a much finer verdure appeared than those months afford in any part of the Continent of America. I do not remember any circumstance worthy of record, but, meeting several Post-Chaises on the road with the Glasses lip, and the people in them muffled as if the whole Island of Great Britain was covered with frost and snow.

As we approached Dartford, my Uncle bid me prepare to have my Trunks seized on account of my smuggled china. The Inn at Dartford was called the "Rose", and was larger and more commodious than any we had stopped at, but we got a pair of jaded Horses from it, which dragged us seventeen Miles. As we ascended Gadshill I recollected Falstaff, Prince Hal, Poins &c. It was their rendez-vous. There is a grove of fine Trees on the top, or rather a Wood. Then we approached Shooter's Hill and next Black Heath; as famous for robberies in modern times as in ancient days. We had a few guineas ready for those unlicensed Tax-gatherers. Here is a great house of Entertainment, at which hangs the sign of a 'green' Man, where many Citizens go out and spend this day i.e. Sunday. My Father belongs to a club which often meets there. From Shooter's Hill I had a fine view of the rich, the noble river Thames! How
justly loved by the Poet as adored by the Merchant. We passed through Greenwich and Deptford. The crowds of the City began to shew themselves. We passed over London Bridge and were set down at the Spread Eagle, in Grace Church Street. From thence we took a Coach and drove through Cornhill, the Poultry, round St. Paul's Church, down Ludgate and Fleet Street, into Salisbury Court, No. 47, where my Father has lived ever since my Mother arrived.

As we passed the Churches, the Congregations were just dispersing. The people poured out like Bees out of hives. I will not fatigue you or myself with anything more at present. I must dedicate another day to correct these sheets, and, should they prove amusing to you, I shall desire no greater reward. May Heaven guard and protect you and grant you success in all your endeavours and undertakings.

My Father did not insure my Indigo. Unfortunately for my Uncle, we did not arrive in London on the Saturday. At nine o'clock in the evening his Policy was made out and he has since paid the Underwriters Three hundred pounds. Farewell, L. S. Wells

P.S. September 3d

Ever since I wrote the above I have been confined to my bed with a Fever. The Sun has set and I have just risen to make up this packet. This will be a sufficient excuse for my sending it in such an incorrect state. Mrs McKenzie sets out to-morrow morning for Bristol and does (not?) return again to Town. If you will not take the trouble to revise and correct the sheets, pray commit them to the flames as soon as they have been read. T send the picture, which was done by Bembridge, but it ia not worth setting.

The physicians attend me and I am ordered to Bath and Bristol. I would rather a voyage to the West Indies.

Adieu. L. S. W.
Extract from the Obituary of the Gentleman's Magazine of July 1794. “At his house in Salisbury Square, Fleet Street, aged 66 Mr Robert Wells, Merchant, formerly a printer of considerable eminence at Charlestown, South Carolina, but had retired thence into this Country, as a Loyalist, on the establishment of the new Government there. Mr W. was a man of letters, and a poet, evinced by a travestie of Virgil, which he wrote and published whilst at Charlestown. He has left a Son, a Physician, deservedly rising into eminence in London–” L. S. A.

West Cowes 1816.

*I think this was written by Roland Bagly [unreadable]

Extract from the Obituary Gentleman's Magazine for May 1804. “At his house in Brompton- Grove in his 89th year John Savage Esquire. He was a native of Bermuda, and was bred a Seaman but while still young settled as a Merchant in Charlestown, South Carolina, where after many years of great industry, he acquired a considerable fortune.
In 1775 from a desire to avoid witnessing the political struggle which was then beginning in North America, he came to this Country, in which he ever after resided. He was a man of strong and sound sense, exemplary piety, primitive simplicity of manners great temperance and unvarying cheerfulness, of the most rigid integrity and unbounded benevolence and charity. To his suggestion was owing the restriction which is imposed on the British Slave Ships, with respect to the number of Negroes they carry from Africa. Notwithstanding his great age, his memory and other mental faculties were entire, and till within a few days of his death, he was capable of taking considerable bodily exercise. Had it not indeed been for an acute disease to which the Young are as liable as the old, what is termed by Surgeons "an incarcerated hernia" it is probable that his life would have been considerably prolonged.

+[unreadable] of Mr. Savage+

The above was written by the late Dr William Charles Wells F.R.S. and of the Societies of London and Edinburgh and one of the Physicians of St. Thomas Hospital.
This Tablet is erected in the Parish Church of St. Bride, Fleet Street, London, under the superintendence of J. B. Nichols Esquire, Editor of the Gentleman's Magazine, and is inserted in the Number for June Vol. 91st and 14th New Series. The Epitaph or Inscription Dr Lister of Lincoln's Inn fields did me the honour to write, dictated by a friendship for my Brother of thirty years standing. "William! best of Sons, best of Brothers, farewell."

In the Parish Church yard of Northwood, Isle of Wight, stands an Altar Tomb of Portland Stone, surrounded by an Iron railing, on which is the following Inscription.

“Beneath lies interred all that was mortal of Susannah, fifth Daughter and Seventh Child of Alexander Aikman and Louisa Susannah, his Wife, of the Island of Jamaica. Her meek and quiet spirit returned to him that gave it Nov. 17th 1818 in her 27th year. "An unspotted life is old age."

"Stranger, these dear remains contained a mind guileless as infant's and as angel's kind."

In the memorable Storm of Novr. 17th and 18th 1795, she escaped shipwreck, together with her Father, Mother, and infant Sister when above 2000 of their fellow creatures met a watery grave near the back of this Island." Those that go down to the Sea in ships, that do business in great waters, these are the works of the Lord and his wonders in the deep! — but — He brought them to their desired Haven.

An affectionate Mother raised this humble Monument to her departed Saint whose pilgrimage ended here.

In a distant land a Son and five daughters have gone down to the silent Tomb! Of such is the Kingdom of God.

This Manuscript I desire may be preserved for my Grandson Alexander Wells Aikman whom I have brought up from early infancy, and who is now in his fourteenth year. – 1821. – L. S. A.

West Cowes. Isle of Wight}



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